Redis

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已于 2023-02-07 21:22:54 修改

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分类专栏：充电文章标签： redis

于 2023-02-07 17:12:20 首次发布

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Redis

Redis是一个开源（BSD许可）的，内存中的数据结构存储系统，它可以用作数据库、缓存和消息中间件。它支持多种类型的数据结构，如字符串（strings），散列（hashes），列表（lists），集合（sets），有序集合（sorted sets）与范围查询， bitmaps， hyperloglogs 和地理空间（geospatial）索引半径查询。 Redis 内置了复制（replication），LUA脚本（Lua scripting）， LRU驱动事件（LRU eviction），事务（transactions）和不同级别的磁盘持久化（persistence），并通过Redis哨兵（Sentinel）和自动分区（Cluster）提供高可用性（high availability）。

数据库引擎排名：https://db-engines.com/en/ranking
redis中文官网：http://redis.cn/

string

string 类型包含，字符串，数值，bitmap类型

常用命令

type

127.0.0.1:6379> help type

  TYPE key
  summary: Determine the type stored at key
  since: 1.0.0
  group: generic

type 键查看键对应的值的类型

set

127.0.0.1:6379> help set

  SET key value [EX seconds|PX milliseconds|KEEPTTL] [NX|XX]
  summary: Set the string value of a key
  since: 1.0.0
  group: string

get

127.0.0.1:6379> help get

  GET key
  summary: Get the value of a key
  since: 1.0.0
  group: string

get 键获取值

append

127.0.0.1:6379> help append

  APPEND key value
  summary: Append a value to a key
  since: 2.0.0
  group: string

append 键要追加的值向指定键对应的值后追加

setrange

127.0.0.1:6379> help setrange

  SETRANGE key offset value
  summary: Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset
  since: 2.2.0
  group: string

setrange 键偏移量新值设置键对应的值的给定偏移量后的部分值为新值

getrange

127.0.0.1:6379> help getrange

  GETRANGE key start end
  summary: Get a substring of the string stored at a key
  since: 2.4.0
  group: string

getrange 键起始位置结束位置获取键对应的值的给定范围内的值

strlen

127.0.0.1:6379> help strlen

  STRLEN key
  summary: Get the length of the value stored in a key
  since: 2.2.0
  group: string

strlen 键获取键对应的字符串长度（utf8编码）

help @string

查看所有关于string类型的命令

127.0.0.1:6379> help @string

  APPEND key value
  summary: Append a value to a key
  since: 2.0.0

  BITCOUNT key [start end]
  summary: Count set bits in a string
  since: 2.6.0

  BITFIELD key [GET type offset] [SET type offset value] [INCRBY type offset increment] [OVERFLOW WRAP|SAT|FAIL]
  summary: Perform arbitrary bitfield integer operations on strings
  since: 3.2.0

  BITOP operation destkey key [key ...]
  summary: Perform bitwise operations between strings
  since: 2.6.0

  BITPOS key bit [start] [end]
  summary: Find first bit set or clear in a string
  since: 2.8.7

  DECR key
  summary: Decrement the integer value of a key by one
  since: 1.0.0

  DECRBY key decrement
  summary: Decrement the integer value of a key by the given number
  since: 1.0.0

  GET key
  summary: Get the value of a key
  since: 1.0.0

  GETBIT key offset
  summary: Returns the bit value at offset in the string value stored at key
  since: 2.2.0

  GETRANGE key start end
  summary: Get a substring of the string stored at a key
  since: 2.4.0

  GETSET key value
  summary: Set the string value of a key and return its old value
  since: 1.0.0

  INCR key
  summary: Increment the integer value of a key by one
  since: 1.0.0

  INCRBY key increment
  summary: Increment the integer value of a key by the given amount
  since: 1.0.0

  INCRBYFLOAT key increment
  summary: Increment the float value of a key by the given amount
  since: 2.6.0

  MGET key [key ...]
  summary: Get the values of all the given keys
  since: 1.0.0

  MSET key value [key value ...]
  summary: Set multiple keys to multiple values
  since: 1.0.1

  MSETNX key value [key value ...]
  summary: Set multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist
  since: 1.0.1

  PSETEX key milliseconds value
  summary: Set the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key
  since: 2.6.0

  SET key value [EX seconds|PX milliseconds|KEEPTTL] [NX|XX]
  summary: Set the string value of a key
  since: 1.0.0

  SETBIT key offset value
  summary: Sets or clears the bit at offset in the string value stored at key
  since: 2.2.0

  SETEX key seconds value
  summary: Set the value and expiration of a key
  since: 2.0.0

  SETNX key value
  summary: Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist
  since: 1.0.0

  SETRANGE key offset value
  summary: Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset
  since: 2.2.0

  STRALGO LCS algo-specific-argument [algo-specific-argument ...]
  summary: Run algorithms (currently LCS) against strings
  since: 6.0.0

  STRLEN key
  summary: Get the length of the value stored in a key
  since: 2.2.0

hash

help @hash

127.0.0.1:6379> help @hash

  HDEL key field [field ...]
  summary: Delete one or more hash fields
  since: 2.0.0

  HEXISTS key field
  summary: Determine if a hash field exists
  since: 2.0.0

  HGET key field
  summary: Get the value of a hash field
  since: 2.0.0

  HGETALL key
  summary: Get all the fields and values in a hash
  since: 2.0.0

  HINCRBY key field increment
  summary: Increment the integer value of a hash field by the given number
  since: 2.0.0

  HINCRBYFLOAT key field increment
  summary: Increment the float value of a hash field by the given amount
  since: 2.6.0

  HKEYS key
  summary: Get all the fields in a hash
  since: 2.0.0

  HLEN key
  summary: Get the number of fields in a hash
  since: 2.0.0

  HMGET key field [field ...]
  summary: Get the values of all the given hash fields
  since: 2.0.0

  HMSET key field value [field value ...]
  summary: Set multiple hash fields to multiple values
  since: 2.0.0

  HSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
  summary: Incrementally iterate hash fields and associated values
  since: 2.8.0

  HSET key field value [field value ...]
  summary: Set the string value of a hash field
  since: 2.0.0

  HSETNX key field value
  summary: Set the value of a hash field, only if the field does not exist
  since: 2.0.0

  HSTRLEN key field
  summary: Get the length of the value of a hash field
  since: 3.2.0

  HVALS key
  summary: Get all the values in a hash
  since: 2.0.0

list

127.0.0.1:6379> help @list

  BLPOP key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and get the first element in a list, or block until one is available
  since: 2.0.0

  BRPOP key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and get the last element in a list, or block until one is available
  since: 2.0.0

  BRPOPLPUSH source destination timeout
  summary: Pop an element from a list, push it to another list and return it; or block until one is available
  since: 2.2.0

  LINDEX key index
  summary: Get an element from a list by its index
  since: 1.0.0

  LINSERT key BEFORE|AFTER pivot element
  summary: Insert an element before or after another element in a list
  since: 2.2.0

  LLEN key
  summary: Get the length of a list
  since: 1.0.0

  LPOP key
  summary: Remove and get the first element in a list
  since: 1.0.0

  LPOS key element [RANK rank] [COUNT num-matches] [MAXLEN len]
  summary: Return the index of matching elements on a list
  since: 6.0.6

  LPUSH key element [element ...]
  summary: Prepend one or multiple elements to a list
  since: 1.0.0

  LPUSHX key element [element ...]
  summary: Prepend an element to a list, only if the list exists
  since: 2.2.0

  LRANGE key start stop
  summary: Get a range of elements from a list
  since: 1.0.0

  LREM key count element
  summary: Remove elements from a list
  since: 1.0.0

  LSET key index element
  summary: Set the value of an element in a list by its index
  since: 1.0.0

  LTRIM key start stop
  summary: Trim a list to the specified range
  since: 1.0.0

  RPOP key
  summary: Remove and get the last element in a list
  since: 1.0.0

  RPOPLPUSH source destination
  summary: Remove the last element in a list, prepend it to another list and return it
  since: 1.2.0

  RPUSH key element [element ...]
  summary: Append one or multiple elements to a list
  since: 1.0.0

  RPUSHX key element [element ...]
  summary: Append an element to a list, only if the list exists
  since: 2.2.0

set

127.0.0.1:6379> help @set

  SADD key member [member ...]
  summary: Add one or more members to a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SCARD key
  summary: Get the number of members in a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SDIFF key [key ...]
  summary: Subtract multiple sets
  since: 1.0.0

  SDIFFSTORE destination key [key ...]
  summary: Subtract multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
  since: 1.0.0

  SINTER key [key ...]
  summary: Intersect multiple sets
  since: 1.0.0

  SINTERSTORE destination key [key ...]
  summary: Intersect multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
  since: 1.0.0

  SISMEMBER key member
  summary: Determine if a given value is a member of a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SMEMBERS key
  summary: Get all the members in a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SMOVE source destination member
  summary: Move a member from one set to another
  since: 1.0.0

  SPOP key [count]
  summary: Remove and return one or multiple random members from a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SRANDMEMBER key [count]
  summary: Get one or multiple random members from a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SREM key member [member ...]
  summary: Remove one or more members from a set
  since: 1.0.0

  SSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
  summary: Incrementally iterate Set elements
  since: 2.8.0

  SUNION key [key ...]
  summary: Add multiple sets
  since: 1.0.0

  SUNIONSTORE destination key [key ...]
  summary: Add multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
  since: 1.0.0

sorted set

127.0.0.1:6379> help @sorted_set

  BZPOPMAX key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and return the member with the highest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
  since: 5.0.0

  BZPOPMIN key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and return the member with the lowest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
  since: 5.0.0

  ZADD key [NX|XX] [CH] [INCR] score member [score member ...]
  summary: Add one or more members to a sorted set, or update its score if it already exists
  since: 1.2.0

  ZCARD key
  summary: Get the number of members in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZCOUNT key min max
  summary: Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values
  since: 2.0.0

  ZINCRBY key increment member
  summary: Increment the score of a member in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
  summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 2.0.0

  ZLEXCOUNT key min max
  summary: Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZPOPMAX key [count]
  summary: Remove and return members with the highest scores in a sorted set
  since: 5.0.0

  ZPOPMIN key [count]
  summary: Remove and return members with the lowest scores in a sorted set
  since: 5.0.0

  ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index
  since: 1.2.0

  ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score
  since: 1.0.5

  ZRANK key member
  summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set
  since: 2.0.0

  ZREM key member [member ...]
  summary: Remove one or more members from a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes
  since: 2.0.0

  ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREVRANGEBYLEX key max min [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range, ordered from higher to lower strings.
  since: 2.8.9

  ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 2.2.0

  ZREVRANK key member
  summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 2.0.0

  ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
  summary: Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores
  since: 2.8.0

  ZSCORE key member
  summary: Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
  summary: Add multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 2.0.0

hyperloglog

用于基数统计

127.0.0.1:6379> help @hyperloglog

  PFADD key element [element ...]
  summary: Adds the specified elements to the specified HyperLogLog.
  since: 2.8.9

  PFCOUNT key [key ...]
  summary: Return the approximated cardinality of the set(s) observed by the HyperLogLog at key(s).
  since: 2.8.9

  PFMERGE destkey sourcekey [sourcekey ...]
  summary: Merge N different HyperLogLogs into a single one.
  since: 2.8.9

geospatial

用于地理空间运算

127.0.0.1:6379> help @geo

  GEOADD key longitude latitude member [longitude latitude member ...]
  summary: Add one or more geospatial items in the geospatial index represented using a sorted set
  since: 3.2.0

  GEODIST key member1 member2 [m|km|ft|mi]
  summary: Returns the distance between two members of a geospatial index
  since: 3.2.0

  GEOHASH key member [member ...]
  summary: Returns members of a geospatial index as standard geohash strings
  since: 3.2.0

  GEOPOS key member [member ...]
  summary: Returns longitude and latitude of members of a geospatial index
  since: 3.2.0

  GEORADIUS key longitude latitude radius m|km|ft|mi [WITHCOORD] [WITHDIST] [WITHHASH] [COUNT count] [ASC|DESC] [STORE key] [STOREDIST key]
  summary: Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members matching a given maximum distance from a point
  since: 3.2.0

  GEORADIUSBYMEMBER key member radius m|km|ft|mi [WITHCOORD] [WITHDIST] [WITHHASH] [COUNT count] [ASC|DESC] [STORE key] [STOREDIST key]
  summary: Query a sorted set representing a geospatial index to fetch members matching a given maximum distance from a member
  since: 3.2.0

transaction

127.0.0.1:6379> help @transactions

  DISCARD -
  summary: Discard all commands issued after MULTI
  since: 2.0.0

  EXEC -
  summary: Execute all commands issued after MULTI
  since: 1.2.0

  MULTI -
  summary: Mark the start of a transaction block
  since: 1.2.0

  UNWATCH -
  summary: Forget about all watched keys
  since: 2.2.0

  WATCH key [key ...]
  summary: Watch the given keys to determine execution of the MULTI/EXEC block
  since: 2.2.0

generic 通用命令

127.0.0.1:6379> help @generic

  DEL key [key ...]
  summary: Delete a key
  since: 1.0.0

  DUMP key
  summary: Return a serialized version of the value stored at the specified key.
  since: 2.6.0

  EXISTS key [key ...]
  summary: Determine if a key exists
  since: 1.0.0

  EXPIRE key seconds
  summary: Set a key's time to live in seconds
  since: 1.0.0

  EXPIREAT key timestamp
  summary: Set the expiration for a key as a UNIX timestamp
  since: 1.2.0

  KEYS pattern
  summary: Find all keys matching the given pattern
  since: 1.0.0

  MIGRATE host port key| destination-db timeout [COPY] [REPLACE] [AUTH password] [AUTH2 username password] [KEYS key]
  summary: Atomically transfer a key from a Redis instance to another one.
  since: 2.6.0

  MOVE key db
  summary: Move a key to another database
  since: 1.0.0

  OBJECT subcommand [arguments [arguments ...]]
  summary: Inspect the internals of Redis objects
  since: 2.2.3

  PERSIST key
  summary: Remove the expiration from a key
  since: 2.2.0

  PEXPIRE key milliseconds
  summary: Set a key's time to live in milliseconds
  since: 2.6.0

  PEXPIREAT key milliseconds-timestamp
  summary: Set the expiration for a key as a UNIX timestamp specified in milliseconds
  since: 2.6.0

  PTTL key
  summary: Get the time to live for a key in milliseconds
  since: 2.6.0

  RANDOMKEY -
  summary: Return a random key from the keyspace
  since: 1.0.0

  RENAME key newkey
  summary: Rename a key
  since: 1.0.0

  RENAMENX key newkey
  summary: Rename a key, only if the new key does not exist
  since: 1.0.0

  RESTORE key ttl serialized-value [REPLACE] [ABSTTL] [IDLETIME seconds] [FREQ frequency]
  summary: Create a key using the provided serialized value, previously obtained using DUMP.
  since: 2.6.0

  SCAN cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count] [TYPE type]
  summary: Incrementally iterate the keys space
  since: 2.8.0

  SORT key [BY pattern] [LIMIT offset count] [GET pattern [GET pattern ...]] [ASC|DESC] [ALPHA] [STORE destination]
  summary: Sort the elements in a list, set or sorted set
  since: 1.0.0

  TOUCH key [key ...]
  summary: Alters the last access time of a key(s). Returns the number of existing keys specified.
  since: 3.2.1

  TTL key
  summary: Get the time to live for a key
  since: 1.0.0

  TYPE key
  summary: Determine the type stored at key
  since: 1.0.0

  UNLINK key [key ...]
  summary: Delete a key asynchronously in another thread. Otherwise it is just as DEL, but non blocking.
  since: 4.0.0

  WAIT numreplicas timeout
  summary: Wait for the synchronous replication of all the write commands sent in the context of the current connection
  since: 3.0.0

  BITFIELD_RO key ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  PFSELFTEST
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  SUBSTR key arg arg
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  ASKING
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  PFDEBUG arg arg ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  HOST: ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  POST ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  GEORADIUSBYMEMBER_RO key arg arg arg ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  RESTORE-ASKING key arg arg ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  REPLCONF ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  GEORADIUS_RO key arg arg arg arg ...options...
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

  XSETID key arg
  summary: Help not available
  since: not known

pub sub

发布、订阅

127.0.0.1:6379> help @pubsub

  PSUBSCRIBE pattern [pattern ...]
  summary: Listen for messages published to channels matching the given patterns
  since: 2.0.0

  PUBLISH channel message
  summary: Post a message to a channel
  since: 2.0.0

  PUBSUB subcommand [argument [argument ...]]
  summary: Inspect the state of the Pub/Sub subsystem
  since: 2.8.0

  PUNSUBSCRIBE [pattern [pattern ...]]
  summary: Stop listening for messages posted to channels matching the given patterns
  since: 2.0.0

  SUBSCRIBE channel [channel ...]
  summary: Listen for messages published to the given channels
  since: 2.0.0

  UNSUBSCRIBE [channel [channel ...]]
  summary: Stop listening for messages posted to the given channels
  since: 2.0.0