MySQL窗口函数中的Frame（三）

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最新推荐文章于 2024-11-08 17:05:04 发布

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分类专栏： MySQL 文章标签：窗口函数

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dax1n/article/details/104032524

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本文深入解析MySQL中的窗口函数，包括其概念、语法及限制。详细介绍了如何通过定义frame计算累计金额与滚动平均值，展示了frame_clause的语法结构，并提供了具体的查询示例。

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12.21.1 Window Function Descriptions

12.21.2 Window Function Concepts and Syntax

12.21.3 Window Function Frame Specification

12.21.4 Named Windows

12.21.5 Window Function Restrictions

Frame定义

MySQL中的窗口定义是中包含一个frame定义，frame是当前窗口中的一个子数据集，frame子句便定义了如何定义子数据集（frame可以认为是窗口数据中的一个子数据集，数据帧）。

Frame的范围是根据当前row进行确定的，frame可以使用的场景：

1：通过定义frame计算截止每一订单时刻的总共金额。

2：还可以借助定义frame进行滚动计算平均值。

具体例子如下：

mysql> SELECT
         time, subject, val,
         SUM(val) OVER (PARTITION BY subject ORDER BY time
                        ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING)
           AS running_total,
         AVG(val) OVER (PARTITION BY subject ORDER BY time
                        ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING)
           AS running_average
       FROM observations;
+----------+---------+------+---------------+-----------------+
| time     | subject | val  | running_total | running_average |
+----------+---------+------+---------------+-----------------+
| 07:00:00 | st113   |   10 |            10 |          9.5000 |
| 07:15:00 | st113   |    9 |            19 |         14.6667 |
| 07:30:00 | st113   |   25 |            44 |         18.0000 |
| 07:45:00 | st113   |   20 |            64 |         22.5000 |
| 07:00:00 | xh458   |    0 |             0 |          5.0000 |
| 07:15:00 | xh458   |   10 |            10 |          5.0000 |
| 07:30:00 | xh458   |    5 |            15 |         15.0000 |
| 07:45:00 | xh458   |   30 |            45 |         20.0000 |
| 08:00:00 | xh458   |   25 |            70 |         27.5000 |
+----------+---------+------+---------------+-----------------+

分析1：

按照subject分类计算每一个订单时刻的订单金额：

SUM(val) OVER (PARTITION BY subject ORDER BY time ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) AS running_total

ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING为frame的定义，含义是每次计算当前行到第一行的所有val的和，例如：第三行running_total=44的计算为10+9+25。

分析2：

指定frame大小为3进行滚定计算平均值：

AVG(val) OVER (PARTITION BY subject ORDER BY time ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS running_average

ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS running_average为frame的定义，对当前行的前一行，当前行以及当前行的后一行三行进行计算平均值，对于第一行与最后一行的处理会使用两行进行平均值。（这就是一个滚动窗口，窗口大小为3）；例如第三行的running_average=18计算过程为：（9+25+20）/3=18 。

Frame语法定义

frame_clause:
    frame_units frame_extent

frame_units:
    {ROWS | RANGE}

frame的范围有两个单位，分别是ROWS与RANGE，分别是使用行确定frame，另外一个就是使用数值范围。

frame_extent:
    {frame_start | frame_between}

frame_between:
    BETWEEN frame_start AND frame_end

frame_start, frame_end: {
    CURRENT ROW
  | UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
  | UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
  | expr PRECEDING
  | expr FOLLOWING
}

可以使用BETWEEN定义frame的开始与结束范围，frame_start 必须大于frame_end. 范围定义关键字含义：

CURRENT ROW: For ROWS, the bound is the current row. For RANGE, the bound is the peers of the current row.
UNBOUNDED PRECEDING: The bound is the first partition row.
UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING: The bound is the last partition row.
expr PRECEDING: For ROWS, the bound is expr rows before the current row. For RANGE, the bound is the rows with values equal to the current row value minus expr; if the current row value is NULL, the bound is the peers of the row.
expr FOLLOWING: For ROWS, the bound is expr rows after the current row. For RANGE, the bound is the rows with values equal to the current row value plus expr; if the current row value is NULL, the bound is the peers of the row.

示例：

数据集：

查询语句：

select *, sum(cnt)  over w as from_7_days_ago_to_current_cnt
from open_id_to_pin
    window w as (partition by open_id order by expire_time desc RANGE between INTERVAL 7 DAY PRECEDING and current row );

解读：

根据open_id划分窗口之后按照expire_time排序，frame的范围确定是根据当前行的expire_time开始到当前expire_time-7天作为结束的frame，查询结果为：