OpenCV图像轮廓

cv2.findContours(img, mode, method)

mode：轮廓检索模式

• RETR_EXTERNAL：只检索最外面的轮廓；
• RETR_LIST：检索所有的轮廓，并将其保存到一条链表当中；
• RETR_CCOMP：检索所有的轮廓，并将他们组织为两层：顶层是各部分的外部边界，第二层是空洞的边界；
• RETR_TREE：检索所有轮廓，并重构嵌套轮廓的整个层次；

method：轮廓逼近方法

• CHAIN_APPROX_NONE：以Freeman链码的方式输出轮廓，所有其他方法输出多边形（顶点的序列）；
• CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE：压缩水平的、垂直的和斜的部分，也就是，函数只保留他们的终点部分。

img = cv2.imread('car.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)

绘制轮廓

#传入绘制图像，轮廓，轮廓索引，颜色模式，线条厚度
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, contours, -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)

轮廓特征

cnt = contours[0]
#面积
cv2.contourArea(cnt)
#周长
cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)

轮廓近似

img = cv2.imread('contours.png')

gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
cnt = contours[0]

draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, [cnt], -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

epsilon = 0.05*cv2.arcLength(cnt, True)
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt, epsilon, True)

draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, [approx], -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

边界矩形

img = cv2.imread('contours.png')

gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
cnt = contours[0]

x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(cnt)
img = cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (0, 255, 0), 2)

area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(cnt)
rect_area = w * h
extent = float(area)/rect_area
print('轮廓面积与边界矩形比', extent) # 轮廓面积与边界矩形比 0.45199486212887

外接圆

(x,y),radius = cv2.minEnclosingCircle(cnt)
center = (int(x), int(y))
radius = int(radius)
img = cv2.circle(img, center ,radius, (0, 255, 0), 2)