linux环境搭建（一）

安装JDK

1. 安装JDK(jdk-8u192-linux-x64.rpm)

rpm -ivh jdk-8u192-linux-x64.rpm

2. 配置环境变量

vi /etc/profile
加入下面三句代码
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_192-amd64
export PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
说明：/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_181-amd64根据自己的实际路径进行填写。
使修改生效
source /etc/profile

安装tomcat

1. 根据具体的项目下载tomcat版本进行安装
2. 配置使用tomcat用户启动项目

• 创建用户组 tomcat

groupadd tomcat

• 创建用户 tomcat

useradd -g tomcat -s /bin/bash tomcat
说明：-s /usr/sbin/nologin 表示禁止该用户登录。
也可以在用户创建之后执行
usermod -s/bin/bash tomcat

• 修改文件所属用户

chown -R tomcat:tomcat apache-tomcat-8.5.24

• 使用tomcat用户启动

su -c /data/servers/apache-tomcat-8.5.24/bin/startup.sh tomcat

可以看到使用tomcat用户启动

安装数据库

• 通过安装包进行安装

1. 下载解压安装包

下载安装包 mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=482460

解压安装包

tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

提前安装相关依赖

yum -y install perl perl-devel autoconf libaio

2. 添加用户与组

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
cd /usr/local
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

3. 安装数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data

安装提示错误

需要安装依赖yum -y install numactl
报错信息

需要使用如下命令初始化数据库

[root@ecs bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
2020-08-15T01:35:07.471155Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-08-15T01:35:07.737605Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-08-15T01:35:07.791583Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-08-15T01:35:07.857660Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8d32f57c-de97-11ea-8be6-fa163e144b1b.
2020-08-15T01:35:07.860439Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-08-15T01:35:08.614702Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-08-15T01:35:08.771559Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: de&xr6iI1XpP
[root@ecs bin]# 

修改 support-files mysql.server
basedir=/data/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
[root@ecs support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
启动mysql 报错
[root@ecs data]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.2020-08-15T01:51:50.209687Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/data/mysql/logs/mysqld.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data[FAILED]0-0008.pid).
[root@ecs data]# 
-- 解决办法：直接新建log文件，并修改属组信息
[root@ecs mysql]# vi /data/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
[root@ecs mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql logs
重新启动
[root@ecs data]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]
[root@ecs data]# 
--1.修改密码
mysql> set password=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
--2.添加远程访问权限
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

4. 修改配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

修改文件：vi /etc/init.d/mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data

5. 配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
export 	MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=.:$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
保存退出
source /etc/profile

6. 添加自启动服务

chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig mysql on

7. 启动mysql

service mysql start

8. 登录mysql及改密码与配置远程访问

mysql -u root      #登录mysql,无需密码
mysql>use mysq;
mysql>update user set Password=password('your_password') where User='root';
mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password' WITH GRANT OPTION;     #允许root用户远程访问
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;     #刷新权限
mysql>exit

• 通过yum进行安装
  查看yum上数据库可下载版本

yum list|grep mysql

yum -y install mysql.x86_64 mysql-server.x86_64 mysql-devel.x86_64

修改数据库默认位置

vi /etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

service mysqld start

修改密码

mysqladmin -u root -p password '123456;

添加其他用户并配置用户权限

create user 'username'@'host' identified by 'password';
username 创建的用户名
host 指定该用户在哪个主机上可以登录，如果是本地用户可用localhost，如果想让该用户可以从任意远程主机登录，可以使用通配符%
password 该用户登录密码，密码可以为空，如果为空该用户可以不需要密码登录服务器
设置权限
INSERT INTO `mysql`.`db` (`Host`, `Db`, `User`, `Select_priv`, `Insert_priv`, `Update_priv`, `Delete_priv`, `Create_priv`, `Drop_priv`, `Grant_priv`, `References_priv`, `Index_priv`, `Alter_priv`, `Create_tmp_table_priv`, `Lock_tables_priv`, `Create_view_priv`, `Show_view_priv`, `Create_routine_priv`, `Alter_routine_priv`, `Execute_priv`, `Event_priv`, `Trigger_priv`) VALUES ('%', 'ny\\_%', 'nuoyun', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y');
flush privileges; 

卸载mysql:

rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e mysql-server-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps
rpm -e mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64  --nodeps
rpm -e mysql-devel-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64  --nodeps

查找mysql

find / -name mysql

安装nginx

查看安装包

yum list|grep nginx

安装nginx

yum -y install nginx.x86_64

配置开机自启动

下载地址：http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/
[root@ecs soft]# rpm -ivh nginx-1.18.0-1.el6.ngx.x86_64.rpm