外部映射文件
我们可以使用 sqlmetal 命令行工具来生成外部映射文件,使用方法如下:
1 、开始菜单 -》 VS2008 -》 VS 工具 -》 VS2008 命令行提示
2 、输入命令:
D:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0/VC>sqlmetal /conn:server=xxx; database=Northwind;uid=xxx;pwd=xxx /map:c:/northwind.map /code:c:/northwind.cs |
3 、这样,我们就可以在 C 盘下得到一个 xml 映射文件和 C# 的实体类代码
4 、把 .cs 文件添加到项目中来(放到 App_Code 目录),然后使用下面的代码加载映射文件:
String path = @"C:/Northwind.map" ; XmlMappingSource xms = XmlMappingSource .FromXml(File .ReadAllText(path)); Northwind ctx = new Northwind ("server=xxx;database=Northwind;uid=xxx;pwd=xxx" , xms); |
5 、现在就可以照常进行其它工作了。使用 sqlmetal 可以很方便的同步数据库与实体和映射文件。每次修改数据库结构,从 dbml 设计器上删除表、存储过程然后再重新添加也是很麻烦的事情。
处理空值
var count = (from c in ctx.Customers where c.Region == null select c).Count(); Response.Write(count + "<br/>" ); var query = from emp in ctx.Employees select emp.ReportsTo; foreach (Nullable <int > r in query) { Response.Write(r.HasValue ? r.Value.ToString() + "<br/>" : " 没有 <br/>" ); } |
代码执行后捕获到下面的 SQL 被执行:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value] FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0] WHERE [t0].[Region] IS NULL
SELECT [t0].[ReportsTo] FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t0] |
已编译查询
对于一些在项目中经常被用到的查询可以封装成已编译查询,这样就能提高执行效率:
static class Queries { public static Func <NorthwindDataContext , string , IQueryable <Customer >> CustomersByCity = CompiledQuery .Compile((NorthwindDataContext ctx, string city) => from c in ctx.Customers where c.City == city select c); } |
调用查询方式如下:
GridView1.DataSource = Queries .CustomersByCity(ctx, "London" ); GridView1.DataBind(); |
获取一些信息
var query = from c in ctx.Customers select c; Response.Write("Provider 类型: " + ctx.Mapping.ProviderType + "<br/>" ); Response.Write(" 数据库: " + ctx.Mapping.DatabaseName + "<br/>" ); Response.Write(" 表: " + ctx.Mapping.GetTable(typeof (Customer )).TableName + "<br/>" ); Response.Write(" 表达式: " + query.Expression.ToString() + "<br/>" ); Response.Write("sql : " + query.Provider.ToString() + "<br/>" ); |
上面的代码执行结果如下:
Provider 类型: System.Data.Linq.SqlClient.SqlProvider
|
撤销提交
var customer = ctx.Customers.Single(c => c.CustomerID == "AROUT" ); customer.ContactName = "zhuye" ; customer.Country = "Shanghai" ; Response.Write(string .Format("Name:{0},Country:{1}<br/>" , customer.ContactName, customer.Country)); customer = ctx.Customers.GetOriginalEntityState(customer); Response.Write(string .Format("Name:{0},Country:{1}<br/>" , customer.ContactName, customer.Country)); |
上面的代码执行效果如下:
Name:zhuye,Country:Shanghai |
批量操作
下面的代码会导致提交 N 次 DELETE 操作:
var query = from c in ctx.Customers select c; ctx.Customers.RemoveAll(query); ctx.SubmitChanges(); |
应该使用 sql 语句进行批操作:
string sql = String .Format("delete from {0}" , ctx.Mapping.GetTable(typeof (Customer )).TableName); ctx.ExecuteCommand(sql); |
对于批量更新操作也是同样道理。