python爬虫过程出现‘POST body missing, invalid Content-Type, or JSON object has no keys.‘怎么办？（求助）

时间：

2022/11/20

背景：

我准备爬取下方页面，是英雄联盟比赛的数据（课程作业）。想爬取网页中的相应数据，里面有选手的名字和一些比赛的数据。本人还是网络爬虫新手，好多别人的代码看不懂QWQ。2022 Worlds Schedule, Standings and Match Results | QWER.GGhttps://qwer.gg/leagues/Worlds/2022?tournament=%22969%22

问题：

在爬取的过程中，我尝试获取网页的源码，但是出现了一点小问题，所以我转而去爬取data数据，如下图所示，但是爬取之后出现问题，无法获得数据，想一下怎么解决。

代码：

import requests
from lxml import etree

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # UA伪装&参数
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) "
                      "Chrome/107.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/107.0.1418.42 ",
    }
    param = {
        "operationName": "ListPlayerStatisticsByTournament",
        "variables": {"tournamentId": "969"},
        "query": "fragment CorePlayer on Player {\n  id\n  nickName\n  firstName\n  lastName\n  imageUrl\n  birthday\n  nationality\n  position\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CoreTeam on Team {\n  id\n  name\n  acronym\n  imageUrl\n  nationality\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CorePlayerStatistic on PlayerStatistic {\n  player {\n    ...CorePlayer\n    __typename\n  }\n  team {\n    ...CoreTeam\n    __typename\n  }\n  playerId\n  teamId\n  tournamentId\n  position\n  games\n  wins\n  loses\n  winRate\n  kda\n  kills\n  deaths\n  assists\n  wardsPlaced\n  wardsKilled\n  dpm\n  dtpm\n  gpm\n  cspm\n  dpgr\n  firstBlood\n  firstTower\n  __typename\n}\n\nquery ListPlayerStatisticsByTournament($tournamentId: ID!, $playerId: ID, $teamId: ID) {\n  playerStatisticsByTournament(\n    tournamentId: $tournamentId\n    playerId: $playerId\n    teamId: $teamId\n  ) {\n    ...CorePlayerStatistic\n    __typename\n  }\n}"
    }
    url_html = "https://qwer.gg/leagues/Worlds/2022?tournament=%22969%22"
    url_date = "https://qwer.gg/general/graphql"

    # 发起请求 & 获取页面数据
    rp = requests.get(url=url_date, headers=headers, params=param)
    text = rp.text
    date = rp.json()

 对爬虫的一些疑问：

1、param怎么确定；

2、headers除了'User-Agent'还需要哪些头，需要Cookie吗；