exec函数簇

exec函数簇的作用：在进程的内部执行一个可执行文件。原进程将被取代，在旧的躯壳上注入了新的灵魂。若调用成功，由于原进程不复存在，所以不返回任何值；若调用失败，则返回－1，从原进程的调用点接着往下进行。fork()配合exec()，可以使得应用程序产生一个新进程。

 

main函数：

int main( int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[] );

第一个参数argc是运行时参数的个数，第二个参数argv用来存放运行时参数，第3个参数用来存放系统环境变量。

  1 #include<stdio.h>
  2 #include<unistd.h>
  3
  4 int main( int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[] ){
  5     printf("### argc ###/n");
  6     printf("    %d      /n", argc);
  7     printf("### argv ###/n");
  8     while(*argv)
  9         printf("%s/n", *argv++);
 10     printf("### envp ###/n");
 11     while(*envp)
 12         printf("%s/n", *envp++);
 13        
 14     return 0;
 15 }

 

========================exec.c===========================

#include<unistd.h>
int main(){
int status = 0;
    char *envp[] = {"PATH=/tmp", "USER=lei", "STATUS=testing", NULL};

    char *argv_execv[]={"echo", "excuted by execv", NULL};
    char *argv_execvp[]={"echo", "excuted by execvp", NULL};
    char *argv_execve[]={"env", NULL};

    if(fork() == 0){
        if(execl("/bin/echo", "echo", "executed by execl", NULL) < 0)
            perror("Err on execl");
    }
    if(fork() == 0){
        if(execlp("echo", "echo", "executed by execlp", NULL) < 0)
            perror("Err on execlp");
    }
    if(fork() == 0){
        if(execle("/usr/lib/env", "env", "executed by execle", NULL, envp) < 0)
            perror("Err on execle");
    }
    if(fork() == 0){
        if(execv("/bin/echo", argv_execv) < 0)
            perror("Err on execv");
    }   
    if(fork() == 0){
        if(execvp("echo", argv_execvp) < 0)
            perror("Err on execvp");
    }   
    if(fork() == 0){
        if(execve("/usr/bin/env", argv_execve, envp) < 0)
            perror("Err on execve");
    }   
wait(status)    ;
}

 

====

explore@ubuntu:~/Documents/Linux C Programming/Process/exec$ cc exec.c
explore@ubuntu:~/Documents/Linux C Programming/Process/exec$ ./a.out
Err on execle: No such file or directory
excuted by execv
executed by execl
excuted by execvp
explore@ubuntu:~/Documents/Linux C Programming/Process/exec$ PATH=/tmp
USER=lei
STATUS=testing
excuted by execvp
executed by execlp
excuted by execv
PATH=/tmp
USER=lei
STATUS=testing

(对于这里的结果不解释)。