02Servlet-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dekudekuku/article/details/118335891

01Servlet

1.1Servlet简介

Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
sun在这些API中提供一个接口叫做：Servlet，如果你想开发为一个Servlet程序，只需要完成两个步骤：
- 编写一个类，实现Servlet接口
- 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中

把实现了Servlet接口的java程序叫做，Servlet

1.2HelloServlet

构建一个Maven项目

     <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

1.编写一个普通了类
2.实现Servlet接口，这里我们直接继承HttpServlet

package com.wzw.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();//响应流
        writer.println("Helloword");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    }
}

编写Servlet的映射

为什么需要映射：我们写的java程序，但是要通过浏览器访问，而浏览器需要连接web服务器，所以我们需要web服务中注册我们写的Servlet，还需给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径；

<!--    注册Servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wzw.Servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
<!--    Servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

4.配置tomcat
7.启动测试

2Servlet原理

2.1原理

Servlet是由Web服务器调用，web服务器在收到浏览器请求后会：

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2.2 Mapping问题

1.一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2.一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3.一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

4.制定一些前缀或者后缀等等。。。

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

6.优先级问题

指定了固有的映射路径的优先级最高，如果找不到就会走默认的请求路径

3 ServletContext

web容器在启动时，他会为每个 web程序都创建一个对应的Servlet对象，他代表了当前的web应用

3.1共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另一个Servlet中拿到

package com.wzw.Servlet;

public class ServletHello extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext Context = req.getServletContext();

        String username="wzw大帅";//数据
        //将一个数据保存在ServletContext中，名字为："username"，值username
        Context.setAttribute("username",username);
    }
}

package com.wzw.Servlet;

public class ReadInfo extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext Context = req.getServletContext();
        String info = (String) Context.getAttribute("username");//读取

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().println("我的名字： "+info);
    }
}

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.wzw.Servlet.ServletHello</servlet-class>
</servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>read</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wzw.Servlet.ReadInfo</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>read</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/read</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3.2 获取初始化

<!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
<context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>

<servlet>
     <servlet-name>jdbc</servlet-name>
     <servlet-class>com.wzw.Servlet.ServletDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
     <servlet-name>jdbc</servlet-name>
     <url-pattern>/jdbc</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext Context = req.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitparameter("url");
    	resp.getWrite(),print(url)
}

输出结果：jdbc:mysql://localhost3306/mybatis

3.3 请求转发

转发：
- A要钱找B，B没有，B去找C，C给B，B给A
重定向：
- A要钱找B，B让A找C，A去找C

请求和转发：

protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext Context = req.getServletContext();
        Context.getRequestDispatcher("/jdbc").forward(req,resp);
    }

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>forword</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wzw.Servlet.ServletDemo02</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>forword</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/forword</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3.4 读取资源文件

properties

在java目录下新建properties
在resource目录下新建properties

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：class，我们俗称这个路径为classpath

思路：需要一个文件流

package com.wzw.Servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class Servletdemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = req.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/com/wzw/servlet/aa.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(is);
        String user=properties.getProperty("username");
        String pwd=properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().println(user+""+pwd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

username=123
password=123

=properties.getProperty(“password”);
resp.getWriter().println(user+""+pwd);
}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(req, resp);
}

}


```properties
username=123
password=123