SpringMVC:全局异常处理（动力）

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-05 12:07:50 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-05 12:07:50 发布

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分类专栏： # SpringMVC总结文章标签： java servlet 开发语言 Springmvc

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dengfengling999/article/details/125448726

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web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

<!--    声明，注册springmvc的核心对象DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>myweb</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<!--        自定义springmvc读取的配置文件的位置-->
        <init-param>
            <!--springmvc的配置文件属性-->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!-- 指定自定义文件的位置-->
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>

<!--        在tomcat启动后，创建Servlet对象
               load-on-startup:表示tomcat启动后创建对象的顺序，它的值是正数，数值越小 tomacat创建对象越早
-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

    </servlet>

<!--    所有的*..do请求交给myweb中央处理器处理-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>myweb</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--注册声明过滤器，解决post请求乱码问题-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

        <!--设置项目中使用的编码-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--强制请求对象（HttpServletRequest）使用encoding编码的值-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--强制应答对象（HttpServletResponse）使用encoding编码的值-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceReponsetEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <!--
           /*:表示强制所有的请求先通过过滤器处理
         -->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<!-- 用了注解需要注解扫描器：声明组件扫描器：包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bjpowernode.controller"/>

<!--    声明springmvc框架中的视图解析器，帮助开发人员设置视图文件的路径-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀：视图文件的路径-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"/>
        <!-- 后缀：视图文件的扩展名-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--异常包注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bjpowernode.handler"/>
    <!--注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

新建异常类：

MyUserException：

package com.bjpowernode.exception;

public class MyUserException extends Exception {
    public MyUserException() {
        super();
    }

    public MyUserException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

NameException：

package com.bjpowernode.exception;

//当用户的姓名有异常，抛出NameException
public class NameException extends MyUserException {
    public NameException() {
        super();
    }

    public NameException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

AgeException：

package com.bjpowernode.exception;
//当年龄有问题，抛出的异常
public class AgeException extends MyUserException{
    public AgeException() {
        super();
    }

    public AgeException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

MyController：

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.exception.AgeException;
import com.bjpowernode.exception.MyUserException;
import com.bjpowernode.exception.NameException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class MyController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/some.do")
    public ModelAndView doForword(String name,Integer age) throws MyUserException {
        //处理some.do请求了，相当于service调用处理完成了
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();


        //根据请求参数，抛出异常
        //当姓名不是‘zs’时抛出异常
        if (!"zs".equals(name)){
            throw new NameException("姓名不正确！！");
        }
        if (age==null || age>80){
            throw new AgeException("年龄比较大！！");
        }
        mv.addObject("myname",name);
        mv.addObject("myage",age);

        mv.setViewName("show");
        return mv;
    }
}

创建全局异常处理类：

GlobalExceptionHandler：

package com.bjpowernode.handler;

import com.bjpowernode.exception.AgeException;
import com.bjpowernode.exception.NameException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/*
* @ControllerAdvice：控制器增强（也就是说给控制器增加功能--异常处理功能）
* 位置：在类的上面
* 特点：必须让框架知道这个注解所在的包名，需要在springmvc配置文件中声明组件扫描器
*   指定@ControllerAdvice所在的包名
* */
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    //定义方法，处理发生的异常
    /**
     * 处理异常的方法和控制器方法的定义一样，可以有多个参数，可以有ModelAndView、
     * String、void、多种对象类型的返回值
     *
     * 形参：Exception，表示Controller中抛出的异常对象。通过形参可以获取发生的异常信息
     *
     * @ExceptionHandler(异常的class):
     *       表示异常的类型，当发生此类型异常时，由当前方法来处理,
     */
    //处理NameException的异常
    @ExceptionHandler(value = NameException.class)
    public ModelAndView doNameException(Exception ex){

        /*
        异常发生处理逻辑：
        1.需要把异常记录下来，记录到数据库，日志文件。
        记录异常发生的是时间，那个方法发生的，异常错误类型
        2.发送通知，把异常的信息通过邮件，短信，微信发送给相关人员。
        3.给用户友好提示
         */
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","姓名必须为zs，其他用户不能访问！");
        mv.addObject("ex",ex);
        mv.setViewName("nameError");
        return mv;
    }

    //处理AgeException
    @ExceptionHandler(value = AgeException.class)
    public ModelAndView doAgeException(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","你的年龄不能大于80");
        mv.addObject("ex",ex);
        mv.setViewName("ageError");
        return mv;
    }

    //处理其他异常，NameException，AgeException以外，不知类型的异常，不加value
    @ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView doOtherException(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("msg","发生其他异常");
        mv.addObject("ex",ex);
        mv.setViewName("defaultError");
        return mv;
    }
}

show.jsp:

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: DELL
  Date: 2022/6/7
  Time: 19:01
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
 <h3>/WEB-INF/view/show.jsp.从request作用域获取数据</h3>
  <h3>myname数据：${myname}</h3>
  <h3>myage数据：${myage}</h3>
</body>
</html>

异常处理页面：

nameError.jsp:

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: DELL
  Date: 2022/6/24
  Time: 16:22
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
   nameError.jsp<br>
   提示信息：${msg}<br>
   系统异常消息：${ex.message}

</body>
</html>

ageError.jsp:

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: DELL
  Date: 2022/6/24
  Time: 16:22
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
   ageError.jsp<br>
   提示信息：${msg}<br>
   系统异常消息：${ex.message}

</body>
</html>

default.jsp:

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: DELL
  Date: 2022/6/24
  Time: 16:22
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
   defaultError.jsp<br>
   提示信息：${msg}<br>
   系统异常消息：${ex.message}

</body>
</html>

index.jsp:

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: DELL
  Date: 2022/6/7
  Time: 17:37
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
  <p>处理异常的，全局异常处理</p>
    <form action="some.do" method="post">
      姓名：<input type="text" name="name"><br>
      年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交请求">
    </form>


</body>
</html>

当输入格式正确时：