MySql高级查询

1、 基本常用查询
–select
select * from student;
–all 查询所有
select all sex from student;
–distinct 过滤重复
select distinct sex from student;
–count 统计
select count(*) from student;
select count(sex) from student;
select count(distinct sex) from student;
–top 取前N条记录
select top 3 * from student;
–alias column name 列重命名
select id as 编号, name ‘名称’, sex 性别 from student;
–alias table name 表重命名
select id, name, s.id, s.name from student s;
–column 列运算
select (age + id) col from student;
select s.name + ‘-’ + c.name from classes c, student s where s.cid = c.id;
–where 条件
select * from student where id = 2;
select * from student where id > 7;
select * from student where id < 3;
select * from student where id <> 3;
select * from student where id >= 3;
select * from student where id <= 5;
select * from student where id !> 3;
select * from student where id !< 5;
–and 并且
select * from student where id > 2 and sex = 1;
–or 或者
select * from student where id = 2 or sex = 1;
–between … and … 相当于并且
select * from student where id between 2 and 5;
select * from student where id not between 2 and 5;
–like 模糊查询
select * from student where name like ‘%a%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[a][o]%’;
select * from student where name not like ‘%a%’;
select * from student where name like ‘ja%’;
select * from student where name not like ‘%[j,n]%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[j,n,a]%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[^ja,as,on]%’;
select * from student where name like ‘%[ja_on]%’;
–in 子查询
select * from student where id in (1, 2);
–not in 不在其中
select * from student where id not in (1, 2);
–is null 是空
select * from student where age is null;
–is not null 不为空
select * from student where age is not null;
–order by 排序
select * from student order by name;
select * from student order by name desc;
select * from student order by name asc;
–group by 分组
按照年龄进行分组统计
select count(age), age from student group by age;
按照性别进行分组统计
select count(*), sex from student group by sex;
按照年龄和性别组合分组统计，并排序
select count(*), sex from student group by sex, age order by age;
按照性别分组，并且是id大于2的记录最后按照性别排序
select count(*), sex from student where id > 2 group by sex order by sex;
查询id大于2的数据，并完成运算后的结果进行分组和排序
select count(), (sex id) new from student where id > 2 group by sex * id order by sex * id;
–group by all 所有分组
按照年龄分组，是所有的年龄
select count(*), age from student group by all age;
–having 分组过滤条件
按照年龄分组，过滤年龄为空的数据，并且统计分组的条数和现实年龄信息
select count(*), age from student group by age having age is not null;
按照年龄和cid组合分组，过滤条件是cid大于1的记录
select count(*), cid, sex from student group by cid, sex having cid > 1;
按照年龄分组，过滤条件是分组后的记录条数大于等于2
select count(*), age from student group by age having count(age) >= 2;
按照cid和性别组合分组，过滤条件是cid大于1，cid的最大值大于2
select count(*), cid, sex from student group by cid, sex having cid > 1 and max(cid) > 2;
? 嵌套子查询
子查询是一个嵌套在select、insert、update或delete语句或其他子查询中的查询。任何允许使用表达式的地方都可以使用子查询。子查询也称为内部查询或内部选择，而包含子查询的语句也成为外部查询或外部选择。

from (select … table)示例

将一个table的查询结果当做一个新表进行查询
select * from (
select id, name from student where sex = 1
) t where t.id > 2;
上面括号中的语句，就是子查询语句（内部查询）。在外面的是外部查询，其中外部查询可以包含以下语句：
1、 包含常规选择列表组件的常规select查询
2、 包含一个或多个表或视图名称的常规from语句
3、 可选的where子句
4、 可选的group by子句
5、 可选的having子句

示例

查询班级信息，统计班级学生人生
select , (select count() from student where cid = classes.id) as num
from classes order by num;

in, not in子句查询示例

查询班级id大于小于的这些班级的学生信息
select * from student where cid in (
select id from classes where id > 2 and id < 4
);
查询不是班的学生信息
select * from student where cid not in (
select id from classes where name = ‘2班’
)
in、not in 后面的子句返回的结果必须是一列，这一列的结果将会作为查询条件对应前面的条件。如cid对应子句的id；

exists和not exists子句查询示例

查询存在班级id为的学生信息
select * from student where exists (
select * from classes where id = student.cid and id = 3
);
查询没有分配班级的学生信息
select * from student where not exists (
select * from classes where id = student.cid
);
exists和not exists查询需要内部查询和外部查询进行一个关联的条件，如果没有这个条件将是查询到的所有信息。如：id等于student.id；

some、any、all子句查询示例

查询班级的学生年龄大于班级的学生的年龄的信息
select * from student where cid = 5 and age > all (
select age from student where cid = 3
);
select * from student where cid = 5 and age > any (
select age from student where cid = 3
);
select * from student where cid = 5 and age > some (
select age from student where cid = 3
)
2、连接查询
1、 简化连接查询
–简化联接查询
select s.id, s.name, c.id, c.name from student s, classes c where s.cid = c.id;
2、 left join左连接
–左连接
select s.id, s.name, c.id, c.name from student s left join classes c on s.cid = c.id;
3、 right join右连接
–右连接
select s.id, s.name, c.id, c.name from student s right join classes c on s.cid = c.id;
4、 inner join内连接
–内连接
select s.id, s.name, c.id, c.name from student s inner join classes c on s.cid = c.id;
–inner可以省略
select s.id, s.name, c.id, c.name from student s join classes c on s.cid = c.id;
***5、 cross join交叉连接
–交叉联接查询，结果是一个笛卡儿乘积
select s.id, s.name, c.id, c.name from student s cross join classes c
–where s.cid = c.id;*
6、 自连接（同一张表进行连接查询）
–自连接
select distinct s.* from student s, student s1 where s.id <> s1.id and s.sex = s1.sex;