day14_数据类型之集合and字符串拼接and函数基础

day14_数据类型之集合and字符串拼接and函数基础

一、集合 set

set 集合特性

1.不同元素组成
2.无序
3.集合中元素必须是不可变类型

add(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：添加
s = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
s.add('liyang')
s.add('2')
s.add(3)
print(s)
输出结果：{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'liyang', '2'}

clear(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：清空集合
s = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
s.clear()
print(s)
输出结果：set()

copy(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：拷贝
s = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
v = s.copy()
print(v)
输出结果：{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

pop(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：随机删除
s = {1,2,'liyang',4,'sun',6}
s.pop()
print(s)
输出结果:{2, 4, 6, 'liyang', 'sun'}

remove(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：指定删除，不存在会报错
s = {1,2,'liyang',4,'sun',6}
s.remove('sun')
print(s)
输出结果：{1, 2, 4, 'liyang', 6}

discard(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：删除元素不存在，不会报错
s = {1,2,'liyang',4,6}
s.discard('sun')
print(s)
输出结果：{1, 2, 'liyang', 4, 6}

intersection(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：求交集（共有的部分）
pyton = ['liyang','sun','lili']
linux = ['liyang','sun']

pyton_linxu = []

for p_name in pyton:
    if p_name in linux:
        pyton_linxu.append(p_name)
        print(p_name)

python = ['liyang','sun','lili']
linux = ['liyang','sun']

p_s = set(python)
l_s = set(linux)
print(p_s.intersection(l_s))
print(p_s&l_s)
输出结果：{'sun', 'liyang'}

union(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：求并集 （合并到一起，重复的部分去掉）
python = ['liyang','sun','lili']
linux = ['liyang','sun','xx','yy']

p_s = set(python)
l_s = set(linux)
print(p_s.union(l_s))
print(p_s|l_s)
输出结果：{'sun', 'xx', 'lili', 'liyang', 'yy'}

difference(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：求差集（两个集合相减的结果）
python = ['liyang','sun','lili']
linux = ['liyang','sun','zz']

p_s = set(python)
l_s = set(linux)
print(p_s.difference(l_s))
print(p_s-l_s)
输出结果：{'lili'}

symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs)

功能：交叉补集（求两个集合中不同的地方）
python = ['liyang','sun','lili']
linux = ['liyang','sun','zz']

p_s = set(python)
l_s = set(linux)
print(p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s))
print(p_s^l_s)
输出结果：{'lili', 'zz'}

difference_update

功能：求完差集，把结果赋值给集合
python = ['liyang','sun','lili']
linux = ['liyang','sun','zzz']

p_s = set(python)
l_s = set(linux)
p_s.difference_update(l_s)
print(p_s)
输出结果：{'lili'}

isdisjoint

功能:如果这两个集合没有交集就返回True
s1 = {1,2}
s2 = {3,4}
print(s1.isdisjoint(s2))
输出结果：True

issubset

功能：如果s1是s2的子集就返回True
s1 = {1,2}
s2 = {1,2,3,4}
print(s1.issubset(s2))
输出结果：True

issuperset

功能：如果s1是s2的父集就返回True
s1 = {1,2}
s2 = {1,2,3,4}
print(s2.issuperset(s1))
输出结果：True

update

update
功能：更新
s1 = {1,2}
s2 = {1,2,3,4}
s1.update(s2)
print(s1)
输出结果：{1, 2, 3, 4}

frozenset 定义不可变集合

s = frozenset('hello')
print(s)

列表去重复方法

name = ['liyang','liyang','sun']
name = list(set(name))
print(name)
输出结果：['sun', 'liyang']

二、字符串格式化

a.百分号字符串格式化

%s (表示所有类型)

msg = 'i am %s my age is %d' %('liyang',23)
print(msg)

浮点数（.2f表示保留2位）

tp1 = 'precent %.2f' % 99.66666
print(tp1)

打印百分比（%%

tp2 = 'precent %.2f %%' % 99.8888
print(tp2)

k，v的方式

tp3 = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {'name':"liyang",'age':28}
print(tp3)

加颜色（+20表示加空格）

msg = 'i am \033[43;1m%(name)+20s\033[0m age is 23' % {'name':"liyang"}
print(msg)

sep分割符

print('root','x','0','1',sep=':')
输出结果：root:x:0:1

 

b. format 字符串格式化

指定元组索引

tp1 = "i am {0}, age {1}".format("liyang",18)
print(tp1)

指定k，v

tp2 = "i am {name}, age {age}".format(name="liyang",age=18)
print(tp2)

指定字典类型（加两个**）

tp3 = "i am {name}, age {age}".format(**{'name':"liyang",'age':18})
print(tp3)

{:s} {:d}

tp4 = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format("liyang",28)
print(tp4)

定义列表

l = ["liyang",18]
tp5 = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*l)
print(tp5)

三、函数

传参数：

def test(x):
    '''
    :param x: 整形数字
    :return: 返回计算结果
    '''
    y = 2 * x + 1
    return y
a = test(3)
print(a)

不传参数：

def test():
    '''
    :param x: 整形数字
    :return: 返回计算结果
    '''
    x = 3
    y = 2 * x + 1
    return y
a = test()
print(a)

PS:

函数定义返回值（return）当程序执行到return的时候，程序将停止执行函数内余下的语句。

函数没有定义返回值，默认返回一个None

过程：就是没有返回值的函数。

实例1：

def test01():
    msg = 'hello The little green forg'
    print(msg)

def test02():
    msg = 'hello liyang'
    print(msg)
    return msg

def test03():
    msg = 'test03'
    print(msg)
    return 1,2,3,4,'a',['liyang'],{'name':"liyang"},None

t1 = test01()
t2 = test02()
t3 = test03()

print(t1)
print(t2)
print(t3)
输出结果：
hello The little green forg
hello liyang
None
hello liyang
(1, 2, 3, 4, 'a', ['liyang'], {'name': 'liyang'}, None)

总结：
返回值=0；返回None
返回值=1；返回object
返回值>1；返回值tuple

函数参数：

1，位置参数：必须一一对应，缺一不可多一不可

def test(x,y,z):
    # x = 1 ,y=2 ,z=3
    print(x)
    print(y)
    print(z)
test(1,2,3)

2，关键字参数：无需一一对应，缺一不可多一不可

def test01(x,y,z):
    # x = 1 ,y=2 ,z=3
    print(x)
    print(y)
    print(z)
test01(y=1,x=2,z=3)

3，默认参数

def test01(x,type='mysql'):
    print(x)
    print(type)
test01('hello')

参数组：

1，(*列表）

def test(x,*args):
    print(x)
    print(args)
    # print(args[0])
test(1,2,3,4,5,6)
test(1,['x','y','z'])
test(1,*['x','y','z'])

输出结果：
1
(2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
2
(['x', 'y', 'z'],)
('x', 'y', 'z')

2，(**字典)

def test(x,**kwargs):
    print(x)
    print(kwargs)
test(1,y=2,z=3)
输出结果：
1
{'y': 2, 'z': 3}

3，（**字典 *列表）

def test(x,*args,**kwargs):
    print(x)
    print(args,args[-1])   # 根据索引取值
    # print(kwargs,kwargs['z'])  # 根据key取值
    print(kwargs,kwargs.get('y'))  # 根据key取值
test(1,1,2,3,4,y=5,z=6)
test(1,*[1,2,3],**{'y':9})
输出结果：
1
(1, 2, 3, 4) 4
{'z': 6, 'y': 5} 6
1
(1, 2, 3) 3
{'y': 9} 9

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/-Sunny/p/8968413.html