读书笔记【Remote Sensing Handbook】

原文是正常字体，简单的翻译在句末的加粗汉字。
词汇表是带专业性质的个别词汇。
纯手打字，英文可能会拼错。

• VLM I / CPT 1 - 3
• VLM I / CPT 4 - 31
• VLM II
• VLM III

VOLUME I: REMOTELY SENSED DATA CHARACTERIZATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND ACCURACIES

Foreword

• Both of these platforms are nearing their operational life, and many of the climate data records from MODIS will be continued with the visible infrared imaging radiometer(VIIRS) instrument on the polar orbiting meteorological satellites of NOAA. The first of these missions, the NPOES Precipitation Project(NPP), was launched in 2012 with the first VIIRS instrument that is operating currently among several other instruments on this satellite. MODIS会逐渐被VIIRS取代
• Sea level is the uniquivocal indicator of Earth’s climate – when sea level rises, the planet is warming; when sea level falls, the planet is cooling. 海平面高度与全球变暖相关
• The sun is not to blame for global warming, based on solar irradiance data from satellites. 太阳常数没有显著变化
• Sea level rise of 60% is explained by a mass balance of melting of ice measured by GRACE satellites. 40% is explained by thermal expansion in the planet’s oceans measured by in situ ~3700 dirfting floats. 海平面上涨归因于融冰和海洋热力膨胀

CHAPTER 1

• Traditional remote sensing involves two basic process: data acuisition and data analysis. 遥感技术的两个主要过程
• One of the main advantages of using active systems relate to the characteristics of the active energy used, which is solar energy independent and least affected by atmospheric constiuents. This provides huge advantages for remote sensing over regions such as tropical environments where clouds and rain are frequent weather events that interfere with traditional optical/passive systems. 主动遥感多用于热带地区
• The ground sample distance(GSD) could be smaller than the spatial resolution of an image acqiured by a remote sensing system. 地面采样间距与空间分辨率不一定对等
• In general, spatial resolution can be categorized into five classes: 0.5-4.9m(very high resolution), 5.0-9.9m(high resolution), 10.0-39.9m(medium resolution), 40.0-249.9m(moderate resolution), and 250m-1.5km(low resolution). 空间分辨率分级
• SPOT-1 acquired the first 10m resolution images in 1986; then in 1995, Indian Remote Sensing Satellite(IRS-1C) image exceeded the 6m spatial resolution. In 1999, IKONOS satellite provided imagery with 1m spatial resolution, the 0.5m spatial resolution imagery was obtained by WorldView-1 after that, and finally, the highest resolution imagery of 41cm was obtained with GeoEye in 2007. All these high-spatial-resolution satellite images are acquired with panchromatic bands. 高分辨率全色影像的发展史
• In near-polar orbits, the satellites’ inclination to the Earth is nearly 90°. Thus, the satellite can virtually see every part of the Earth as Earth rotates beneath the satellite. It takes approximately 90min for the near-polar-orbiting satellites to complete one orbit and is very useful for atmospheric measurements. 极轨卫星的特点
• In a superspectral imaging system, there are many more spectral channels(typically > 10). However, hyperspectral imaging systems acquire images in about 100 or more contiguous spectral bands. 超光谱和高光谱的波段数量
• In a wishbroom/whiskbroom system, the sensor detectors scan and record the reflected energy using oscillation mirrors that move across the satellite track, while the pushbroom system employ an array of detectors that are perpendicular to the satellite track. 推扫与摆扫
• Hyperion, AVIRIS, Hymap, and compact spectrographic imager(CASI) are examples of high-spatial-resolution hyperspectral system. 高空间分辨率的高光谱传感器
• The Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation(LASER) and RADAR altimeters on satellites have provided a wide range of data on detecting the bulges of water caused by gravity in the ocean. 激光和雷达可以测量海面凸起
• The first LiDAR application was in the field of meteorology; the National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) used LiDAR to measure the cloud distance from ground surface. LiDAR的首次应用
• Two types of technology share the name sonar: passive sonar is essentially listening for the sound made by vessels; active sonar is emitting pulses of sound energy and listening for the echoes. 声呐包括主动和被动
• Doppler SODAR is widely used remote sensing system for weather forecasting. 多普勒雷达在天气预报中应用广泛
• It