java 中的128陷阱

128陷阱

       大多数情况下，容易有一种假象，即基本类型与他们的对象包装器是一样的，只是他们的相等性不同。大家知道，==运算符也可以应用于对象包装器对象，只不过检测的是对象是否指向同一个存储区域，因此，下面代码的比较就能看出问题：

public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Integer a = 127;
        Integer b = 127;
        Integer c = 128;
        Integer d = 128;
        System.out.println(a==b);
        System.out.println(c==d);
    }

运行结果如下：

很神奇！
然而，Java 实现却有可能（ may) 让它成立。如果将经常出现的值包装到同一个对象中，这种比较就有可能成立。这种不确定的结果并不是我们所希望的。解决这个问题的办法是在两个包装器对象比较时调用 equals 方法。

注释：自动装箱规范要求 boolean、byte、char 127， 介于 -128 ~ 127 之间的 short 和int 被包装到固定的对象中。

      Java中处在-128到127之间的Integer值，用的是数据类型int，会在内存里重用，说明这之间的Integer值进行= =比较时，只是进行int数据类型的数值比较，而超出-128到127的范围，进行= =比较时是进行地址及数值比较。例如，如果在前面的例子中将 c和 d 初始化为 100，对它们进行比较的结果一定成立。

Integer源码如下：

 /**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

 /**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }