对Struts2 Action如何进行单元测试?下面我们就来讲一下。
我们可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase,分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。
1.StrutsTestCase
首先准备一个纯struts2工程,建立工程过程略,但有如下的类:
Account.java,是bean
package model;
public class Account {
private String userName;
private String password;
public Account() {
}
public Account(String userName, String password) {
this.userName = userName;
this.password = password;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
AccountAction.java
package action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import model.Account;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{
private Account accountBean;
public String execute() throws Exception {
return SUCCESS;
}
public void validate(){
if (accountBean.getUserName()。length()==0){
addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required.");
}
if (accountBean.getUserName()。length()<5){
addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long.");
}
if (accountBean.getUserName()。length()>10){
addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long.");
}
}
public Account getAccountBean() {
return accountBean;
}
public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) {
this.accountBean = accountBean;
}
}
测试类:
TestAccountAction.java
package ut;
import action.AccountAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;
import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;
public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase {
private AccountAction action;
private ActionProxy proxy;
private void init() {
proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url,可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写
action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction();
}
public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception {
request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc");
request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");
init();
proxy.execute();
assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present",
action.getFieldErrors()。size() == 1);
assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been",
action.getFieldErrors()。containsKey("accountBean.userName"));
}
public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{
request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce");
request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");
init();
String result=proxy.execute();
assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present",
action.getFieldErrors()。size()==0);
assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.",
"success", result);
}
}
测试逻辑比较简单,action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5--9之间。
定义struts.xml,放在类路径的根目录下,而非web-inf/classes下,否则会找不到,不会加载你定义的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
http://www.test-edu.com/softwareinfo.asp?id=1001&nid=3210>
<struts>
<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
<result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面,不必真实存在,保持不为空就行,否则,action测试的时候,会说result未定义之类的错误,因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行,一切OK.
正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行,所以拦截器也会正常被触发,下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下:
MyInterceptor.java
package interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{
public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {
System.out.println("before processing");
String rst= actionInvocation.invoke();
System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy()。getMethod());
return rst;
}
}
修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义:
<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
</interceptors>
<action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">
<result name="success">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>
</action>
</package>
运行,控制台会输出:
before processing
bye bye execute
都是struts发行包提供的,其它不相关的jar不要加,尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件,更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,加了会加载相关的东西,但这里却提供不了,导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的,但加了也无所谓,在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外,web.xml不需要配置,根本不会去这里找配置信息。
2.StrutsSpringTestCase
这个和前面的过程类似,需要的类分别如下。
MathAction.java
package action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import service.MathService;
public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{
private MathService service;
public String execute() throws Exception {
ServletActionContext.getRequest()。setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2));
return SUCCESS;
}
public MathService getService() {
return service;
}
public void setService(MathService service) {
this.service = service;
}
}
MathService.java
package service;
public class MathService {
public int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
}
}
测试类TestMathAction,测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。
import action.MathAction;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;
import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase;
public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{
private MathAction action;
private ActionProxy proxy;
protected String getContextLocations() {
return "spring/applicationContext.xml";
}
private void init(){
proxy=getActionProxy("/add");
action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction();
}
public void testAdd() throws Exception{
init();
proxy.execute();
assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3);
}
}
这里有一个小trick,默认情况下,applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下,但如果项目需要不放在那里,就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path,开头可以有也可以没有"/",这里我放在包spring下,所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml,至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了,想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上,加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了,对了,两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar,去tomcat里copy一份即可,junit.jar也是需要的。
通过以上的讲解,就可以很方便的对Struts2 Action如何进行单元测试了,进而加快软件测试项目的进程。