对Struts2 Action如何进行单元测试?

      对Struts2 Action如何进行单元测试?下面我们就来讲一下。

  我们可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase,分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。

  1.StrutsTestCase

  首先准备一个纯struts2工程,建立工程过程略,但有如下的类:

  Account.java,是bean

  package model;

  public class Account {

  private String userName;

  private String password;

  public Account() {

  }

  public Account(String userName, String password) {

  this.userName = userName;

  this.password = password;

  }

  public String getUserName() {

  return userName;

  }

  public void setUserName(String userName) {

  this.userName = userName;

  }

  public String getPassword() {

  return password;

  }

  public void setPassword(String password) {

  this.password = password;

  }

  }

  AccountAction.java

  package action;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

  import model.Account;

  import java.util.logging.Logger;

  public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{

  private Account accountBean;

  public String execute() throws Exception {

  return SUCCESS;

  }

  public void validate(){

  if (accountBean.getUserName()。length()==0){

  addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required.");

  }

  if (accountBean.getUserName()。length()<5){

  addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long.");

  }

  if (accountBean.getUserName()。length()>10){

  addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long.");

  }

  }

  public Account getAccountBean() {

  return accountBean;

  }

  public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) {

  this.accountBean = accountBean;

  }

  }

 

测试类:

  TestAccountAction.java

  package ut;

  import action.AccountAction;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider;

  import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;

  import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;

  public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase {

  private AccountAction action;

  private ActionProxy proxy;

  private void init() {

  proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url,可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写

  action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction();

  }

  public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception {

  request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc");

  request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");

  init();

  proxy.execute();

  assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present",

  action.getFieldErrors()。size() == 1);

  assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been",

  action.getFieldErrors()。containsKey("accountBean.userName"));

  }

  public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{

  request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce");

  request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");

  init();

  String result=proxy.execute();

  assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present",

  action.getFieldErrors()。size()==0);

  assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.",

  "success", result);

  }

  }

  测试逻辑比较简单,action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5--9之间。

  定义struts.xml,放在类路径的根目录下,而非web-inf/classes下,否则会找不到,不会加载你定义的内容。

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

  <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

  "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

  http://www.test-edu.com/softwareinfo.asp?id=1001&nid=3210>

  <struts>

  <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

  <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">

  <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>

  <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>

  </action>

  </package>

  </struts>

  至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面,不必真实存在,保持不为空就行,否则,action测试的时候,会说result未定义之类的错误,因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行,一切OK.

  正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行,所以拦截器也会正常被触发,下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下:

  MyInterceptor.java

  package interceptor;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;

  public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{

  public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception {

  System.out.println("before processing");

  String rst= actionInvocation.invoke();

  System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy()。getMethod());

  return rst;

  }

  }

  修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义:

  <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

  <interceptors>

  <interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>

  </interceptors>

  <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction">

  <result name="success">/index.jsp</result>

  <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result>

  <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>

  <interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/>

  </action>

  </package>

运行,控制台会输出:

  before processing

  bye bye execute

  都是struts发行包提供的,其它不相关的jar不要加,尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件,更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,加了会加载相关的东西,但这里却提供不了,导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的,但加了也无所谓,在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外,web.xml不需要配置,根本不会去这里找配置信息。

  2.StrutsSpringTestCase

  这个和前面的过程类似,需要的类分别如下。

  MathAction.java

  package action;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

  import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

  import service.MathService;

  public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{

  private MathService service;

  public String execute() throws Exception {

  ServletActionContext.getRequest()。setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2));

  return SUCCESS;

  }

  public MathService getService() {

  return service;

  }

  public void setService(MathService service) {

  this.service = service;

  }

  }

  MathService.java

  package service;

  public class MathService {

  public int add(int a,int b){

  return a+b;

  }

  }

  测试类TestMathAction,测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。

  import action.MathAction;

  import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy;

  import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase;

  public class TestMathAction  extends StrutsSpringTestCase{

  private MathAction action;

  private ActionProxy proxy;

  protected String getContextLocations() {

  return "spring/applicationContext.xml";

  }

  private void init(){

  proxy=getActionProxy("/add");

  action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction();

  }

  public void testAdd() throws Exception{

  init();

  proxy.execute();

  assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3);

  }

  }

  这里有一个小trick,默认情况下,applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下,但如果项目需要不放在那里,就要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path,开头可以有也可以没有"/",这里我放在包spring下,所以就返回spring/applicationContext.xml,至于struts和spring整合的配置就不用写了,想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上,加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar就行了,对了,两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar,去tomcat里copy一份即可,junit.jar也是需要的。

      通过以上的讲解,就可以很方便的对Struts2 Action如何进行单元测试了,进而加快软件测试项目的进程。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/liyuchen8908/p/3339158.html

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