前言
第一次接触Xstream,是在做一个socket通信的项目,由于是二次重新开发,所以有部分代码沿用了原来的代码(改造前用的webservice),其中xml字符串转换为对象,以及对象转换为xml字符串的代码用到了这个包,所以我也就照葫芦画瓢,最终把项目顺利做完了,由于没有遇到什么问题,所以也就没有对Xstream做深入的了解和探索,直到前几天又接手到一个新的项目,里面接口调用涉及到同样的业务需求,然后就再次想到Xstream,然后很自然地遇到了一些问题,所以也就有了这篇文章,好了,废话少说,直接开始吧。
过程:我太难了^|^
由于上次用过,所以我就自以为轻车熟路的开始了,下面是收到的消息体(也就是需要转换成对象的xml字符串):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<result>
<message>认证成功</message>
<data>
<AAC003>张三</AAC003>
<AAC002>610123456789012345</AAC002>
</data>
<code>1</code>
</result>
然后我就按照自己的理解,创建了消息体对象:
// 为了方便,我省略了get/set方法,一下同
// 文件名: MsgText.java
public class MsgText {
private Result result;// 结果
}
// 文件名: Result.java
public class Result {
private String message;// 消息
private Data data; // 数据
private String code; // 消息代码
}
// 文件名: Data.java
public class Data {
private String AAC003;
private String AAC002;
}
下面是业务代码,也是以及我的理解写:
String result = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><result><message>认证成功</message><data><AAC003>张三</AAC003><AAC002>610123456789012345</AAC002></data><code>1</code></result>";
XStream xstream = new XStream(new StaxDriver());
xstream.alias("MsgText", MsgText.class);
MsgText fromXML = (MsgText)xstream.fromXML(result);
毫无疑问地报错,以下是报错信息:
Security framework of XStream not initialized, XStream is probably vulnerable.
Exception in thread "main" com.thoughtworks.xstream.mapper.CannotResolveClassException: result
经过查找资料,第一行错误是初始化失败,查到的资料如下:
意思是:xstream 的安全框架没有初始化,xstream 容易受攻击。
解决方法:xStream对象设置默认安全防护,同时设置允许的类
解决代码如下:
XStream.setupDefaultSecurity(xStream); // 其中xStream是你实例的XStream的变量名,这是个静态方法
xStream.allowTypes(new Class[]{Test.class, Test1.class});
设置完成后,第二行依然报错,查了很多资料,问题依然没有解决,然后我打算按照自己的理解先做一些尝试,然后在设置别名那里增加了一行代码:
xstream.alias("Result", Result.class);
错误依旧,然后我又加入了一行代码:
xstream.alias("Data", Data.class);
可依然还是相同的错误,我都快疯了,但问题总是要解决吧,可能是运气好,我都不知道自己怎么想到的,觉得可能是alias方法的大小写有问题,然后就经过N次的尝试和摸索,终于报错变了,变成类转换异常:
代码如下:
XStream xstream = new XStream(new StaxDriver());
xstream.alias("msgtext", MsgText.class);
xstream.alias("result", Result.class);
xstream.alias("data", Data.class);
Class<?>[] classes = new Class[] { MsgText.class, Result.class,Data.class };
XStream.setupDefaultSecurity(xstream);
xstream.allowTypes(classes);
MsgText fromXML = (MsgText)xstream.fromXML(result);
错误如下:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: lss.test.reckoner.util.Result cannot be cast to lss.test.reckoner.ejb.MsgText
at lss.test.reckoner.ejb.Test.main(Test.java:20)
然后,这时候我才恍然大悟,原来报文根对象必须是根节点(result),接着我把最后一行代码改成如下:
Result fromXML = (Result)xstream.fromXML(result);
然后就再也不报错了,接着我觉得那应该和msgtext和data都没有关系,然后删除了下面的代码:
xstream.alias("msgtext", MsgText.class);
xstream.alias("data", Data.class);
也把这里:
Class<?>[] classes = new Class[] { MsgText.class, Result.class,Data.class };
改成:
Class<?>[] classes = new Class[] { Result.class};
到此问题已经完美解决了
总结
xml对象对应的是xml字符串的根节点,本例中就是Result,而不是我理解的MsgText
xstream.alias("msgtext", MsgText.class)
这个方法设置别名对应是xml的节点名,大小写要一致
拓展
这里再拓展些xstream的知识点
关于XStream
XStream是一个简单的库,用于将对象序列化为XML并再次返回。
特征
- 使用方便。提供高级外观,简化了常见用例。
- 不需要映射。大多数对象都可以序列化,而无需指定映射。
- 性能。速度和低内存占用是设计的关键部分,使其适用于具有高消息吞吐量的大型对象图或系统。
- 清洁XML。没有重复的信息可以通过反射获得。这导致XML更容易为人类阅读,并且比本机Java序列化更紧凑。
- 不需要修改对象。序列化内部字段,包括私有和最终字段。支持非公开和内部类。类不需要具有默认构造函数。
- 完整对象图支持。将维护在对象模型中遇到的重复引用。支持循环引用。
- 与其他XML API集成。通过实现接口,XStream可以直接与任何树结构(而不仅仅是XML)进行串行化。
- 可定制的转换策略。可以注册策略,允许自定义特定类型如何表示为XML。
- 安全框架。对未编组类型进行精细控制,以防止受操纵输入的安全问题。
- 错误消息。当由于格式错误的XML而发生异常时,会提供详细的诊断信息以帮助隔离和修复问题。
- 替代输出格式。模块化设计允许其他输出格式。XStream目前提供JSON支持和变形。
使用
创建XStream 对象
有两种创建方式:
- 第一种:不需要XPP3库 开始使用Java6
XStream xstream = new XStream(new StaxDriver());
- 第二种:需要XPP3库
XStream xstream = new XStream();//需要XPP3库
注意: Xstream序列化XML时需要引用的jar包:xstream-[version].jar、xpp3-[version].jar、xmlpull-[version].jar。Xstream序列化Json需要引用的jar包:jettison-[version].jar。
使用Xstream序列化时,对JavaBean没有任何限制。JavaBean的字段可以是私有的,也可以没有getter或setter方法,还可以没有默认的构造函数。
1. 序列化对象
(1) Xstream序列化XML
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
//XStream xstream = new XStream();//需要XPP3库
//XStream xstream = new XStream(new DomDriver());//不需要XPP3库
XStream xstream = new XStream(new StaxDriver());//不需要XPP3库开始使用Java6
xstream.alias("人",Person.class);//为类名节点重命名
//XML序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//XML反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
(2) Xstream序列化Json
Xstream序列化Json与序列化XML类似,例如:
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream(new JettisonMappedXmlDriver());//设置Json解析器
xstream.setMode(XStream.NO_REFERENCES);//设置reference模型,不引用
xstream.alias("人",Person.class);//为类名节点重命名
//Json序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//Json反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
2. 反序列化XML获得对象。
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String msgtext = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><result><message>认证成功</message><data><AAC003>张三</AAC003><AAC002>610123456789012345</AAC002></data><code>1</code></result>";
XStream xstream = new XStream(new StaxDriver());
xstream.alias("result", Result.class);
Class<?>[] classes = new Class[] { Result.class};
XStream.setupDefaultSecurity(xstream);
xstream.allowTypes(classes);
Result fromXML = (Result)xstream.fromXML(msgtext);
System.out.println(fromXML);
}
}
public class Result {
private String message;
private Data data;
private String code;
private String appmsg;
private String appcode;
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public Data getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Data data) {
this.data = data;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getAppmsg() {
return appmsg;
}
public void setAppmsg(String appmsg) {
this.appmsg = appmsg;
}
public String getAppcode() {
return appcode;
}
public void setAppcode(String appcode) {
this.appcode = appcode;
}
}
3.Xstream序列化重命名
(1)为包重命名:Xstream.aliasPackage()方法
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.aliasPackage("com.lzw", "test");//为包名称重命名
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
(2)为类重命名:Xstream.alias()方法
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.alias("人", Person.class);//为类名节点重命名
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
(3)为字段重命名:Xstream.aliasField()方法
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.aliasField("姓名", Person.class,"name");//为类的字段节点重命名
xstream.aliasField("年龄", Person.class,"age");//为类的字段节点重命名
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
(4)省略集合根节点:Xstream.addImplicitCollection()方法
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
private List friends;
public Person(String name, int age, String... friends)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.friends = Arrays.asList(friends);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", friends=" + friends + "]";
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean =new Person("张三",19,"李四","王五","赵六");
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.addImplicitCollection(Person.class, "friends");//省略集合根节点
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
(5)把字段节点设置成属性:Xstream.useAttributeFor()方法
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean =new Person("张三",19,"李四","王五","赵六");
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.useAttributeFor(Person.class, "name");//把字段节点设置成属性
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
(6)隐藏字段:xstream.omitField()方法
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean =new Person("张三",19,"李四","王五","赵六");
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.omitField(Person.class, "friends");//把字段节点隐藏
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
4.Xstream注解的使用
(1)设置Xstream应用注解
使用Xstream注解前需要对Xstream进行配置,可以使用两种方式:应用某个JavaBean类的注解或自动使用JavaBean类的注解。代码如下:
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.processAnnotations(Person.class);//应用Person类的注解
xstream.autodetectAnnotations(true);//自动检测注解
(2)重命名注解:@XStreamAlias()
@XStreamAlias("人")
class Person
{
@XStreamAlias("姓名")
private String name;
@XStreamAlias("年龄")
private int age;
@XStreamAlias("朋友")
private List friends;
public Person(String name, int age, String... friends)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.friends = Arrays.asList(friends);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", friends=" + friends + "]";
}
}
(3)省略集合根节点:@XStreamImplicit
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
//@XStreamImplicit//只隐藏集合根节点
@XStreamImplicit(itemFieldName="朋友")//设置重复的节点名,可能会导致无法反序列化
private List<String> friends;
public Person(String name, int age, String... friends)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.friends = Arrays.asList(friends);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", friends=" + friends + "]";
}
}
(4)把字段节点设置成属性:@XStreamAsAttribute
class Person
{
@XStreamAsAttribute
private String name;
@XStreamAsAttribute
private int age;
private List<String> friends;
public Person(String name, int age, String... friends)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.friends = Arrays.asList(friends);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", friends=" + friends + "]";
}
}
(5)隐藏字段:@XStreamOmitField
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
@XStreamOmitField
private List<String> friends;
public Person(String name, int age, String... friends)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.friends = Arrays.asList(friends);
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", friends=" + friends + "]";
}
}
(6)设置转换器:@XStreamConverter()
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
@XStreamConverter(value=BooleanConverter.class,booleans={false},strings={"男","女"})
private boolean sex;
public Person(String name, int age, boolean sex)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex=sex;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + "]";
}
}
5.Xstream自定义的转换器
(1)Xstream自带的转换器
Xstream内部有许多转换器,用于JavaBean对象到XML或Json之间的转换。这些转换器的详细信息网址:http://xstream.codehaus.org/converters.html
(2)使用自定义的转换器
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
public class PersonConverter implements Converter
{
@Override//定义转换器能转换的JavaBean类型
public boolean canConvert(Class type)
{
return type.equals(Person.class);
}
@Override//把对象序列化成XML或Json
public void marshal(Object value, HierarchicalStreamWriter writer,
MarshallingContext context)
{
Person person = (Person) value;
writer.startNode("姓名");
writer.setValue(person.getName());
writer.endNode();
writer.startNode("年龄");
writer.setValue(person.getAge()+"");
writer.endNode();
writer.startNode("转换器");
writer.setValue("自定义的转换器");
writer.endNode();
}
@Override//把XML或Json反序列化成对象
public Object unmarshal(HierarchicalStreamReader reader,
UnmarshallingContext context)
{
Person person = new Person("",-1);
reader.moveDown();
person.setName(reader.getValue());
reader.moveUp();
reader.moveDown();
person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(reader.getValue()));
reader.moveUp();
return person;
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean =new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.registerConverter(new PersonConverter());//注册转换器
//序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
}
}
(3)常用的转换器接口与抽象类SingleValueConverter
:单值转换接口AbstractSingleValueConverter
:单值转换抽象类Converter
:常规转换器接口
6.Xstream对象流的使用
(1)Xstream对象输出流
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
{
XStream xstream = new XStream();
ObjectOutputStream out = xstream.createObjectOutputStream(System.out);
out.writeObject(new Person("张三",12));
out.writeObject(new Person("李四",19));
out.writeObject("Hello");
out.writeInt(12345);
out.close();
}
}
注意: XStream对象流是通过标准java.io.ObjectOutputStream
和java.io.ObjectInputStream
对象。 因为XML文档只能有一个根节点,必须包装在一个序列化的所有元素 额外的根节点。 这个根节点默认 < object-stream >
上面的例子所示。
(2)Xstream对象输出流
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
{
String s="<object-stream><test.Person><name>张三</name><age>12</age></test.Person><int>12345</int></object-stream>";
StringReader reader = new StringReader(s);
XStream xstream = new XStream();
ObjectInputStream in = xstream.createObjectInputStream(reader);
System.out.println((Person) in.readObject());
System.out.println(in.readInt());
}
}
}
7.Xstream持久化API
(1)保存JavaBean对象
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
{
PersistenceStrategy strategy = new FilePersistenceStrategy(new File("D:\\tmp"));
List list = new XmlArrayList(strategy);
list.add(new Person("张三",13));//保存数据
list.add(new Person("李四",21));
list.add(new Person("王五",17));
}
}
程序运行结果: 如果我们检查D:\tmp目录,有三个文件:int@0.xml、int@1.xml、int@2.xml;每个对象都被序列化到XML文件里。
(2)读取并删除JavaBean对象
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
{
PersistenceStrategy strategy = new FilePersistenceStrategy(new File("D:\\tmp"));
List list = new XmlArrayList(strategy);
for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
{
System.out.println((Person) it.next());
it.remove();//删除对象序列化文件
}
}
}
8.Xstream操作Json
(1)Xstream序列化Json的重命名
@XStreamAlias("人")
class Person
{
@XStreamAlias("姓名")
private String name;
@XStreamAlias("年龄")
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
public class Test
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream(new JettisonMappedXmlDriver());//设置Json解析器
xstream.autodetectAnnotations(true);
//Json序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
//Json反序列化
bean=(Person)xstream.fromXML(xml);
System.out.println(bean);
}
}
注意: Xstream序列化Json的重命名的方式与其序列化成XML的方式一样!
(2)去掉序列化Json的根节点
class Person
{
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age)
{
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
public class Test00
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Person bean=new Person("张三",19);
XStream xstream = new XStream(new JsonHierarchicalStreamDriver()
{
public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer writer)
{
return new JsonWriter(writer, JsonWriter.DROP_ROOT_MODE);
}
});
//Json序列化
String xml = xstream.toXML(bean);
System.out.println(xml);
}
}
}
注意: 去掉根节点后的Json串是不能反序列化的,因为XStream 不知道它的类型。
(3)Json的解析器区别
前面两个例子使用了不同的Json解析器,这里说明他们的不同之处:JettisonMappedXmlDriver
:是支持序列化和反序列化Json的。JsonHierarchicalStreamDriver
:只支持序列化,不支持反序列化