guidata在子函数中的运用和handles结构体

    今天自己编写GUI程序(GUIDE的help->Example GUIs中的An Address Book Reader例子时）发现了一个问题，在子函数check_and_load中guidata(handles.figure1,handles)好像并不能更新handles结构体。从而出现一些bug。这个bug在自带的源程序中同样存在。

   bug如下：

   假设在addrbook.mat中存储的四个联系人依次为：

  >> {Addresses.Name} ans = 'The MathWorks USA' 'The MathWorks UK' 'Elvis' '周德强' 

  启动address_book.m，界面如下

 

  点击Next，界面如下

 

  重新打开addrbook.mat文件，界面如下

 

  再次点击Next，界面如下

 

  bug出现，本该是The MathWorks UK的联系人成了Elevis。我自己重写的程序中也出现了这种问题。于是我在 Check_And_Load自定义函数、Open_Callback和Prev_Next_Callback函数中分别添加disp和handles两句，来追踪handles的变化，这时的源代码如下：

function varargout = address_book(varargin) % ADDRESS_BOOK Application M-file for address_book.fig % ADDRESS_BOOK, by itself, creates a new ADDRESS_BOOK or raises the existing % singleton*. % % H = ADDRESS_BOOK returns the handle to a new ADDRESS_BOOK or the handle to % the existing singleton*. % % ADDRESS_BOOK('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local % function named CALLBACK in ADDRESS_BOOK.M with the given input arguments. % % ADDRESS_BOOK('Property','Value',...) creates a new ADDRESS_BOOK or raises the % existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are % applied to the GUI before address_book_OpeningFunction gets called. An % unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application % stop. All inputs are passed to address_book_OpeningFcn via varargin. % % *See GUI Options - GUI allows only one instance to run (singleton). % % See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES % Edit the above text to modify the response to help address_book % Copyright 2000-2006 The MathWorks, Inc. % Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 08-Apr-2002 16:42:00 % Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT gui_Singleton = 1; gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ... 'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ... 'gui_OpeningFcn', @address_book_OpeningFcn, ... 'gui_OutputFcn', @address_book_OutputFcn, ... 'gui_LayoutFcn', [], ... 'gui_Callback', []); if nargin && ischar(varargin{1}) gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1}); end if nargout [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); else gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:}); end % End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT % --- Executes just before address_book is made visible. function address_book_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % This function has no output args, see OutputFcn. % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % varargin command line arguments to address_book (see VARARGIN) % Choose default command line output for address_book handles.output = hObject; % Make figure non-dockable - added 1/5/10 % set(hObject,'DockControls','off') % added 1/5/10 set(hObject,'WindowStyle','normal') % added 1/5/10 set(hObject,'HandleVisibility','callback') % added 1/5/10 % Update handles structure guidata(hObject, handles); if nargin < 4 % Load the default address book Check_And_Load([],handles); % If first element in varargin is 'book' and the second element is a % MATLAB file, then load that file elseif (length(varargin) == 2 && strcmpi(varargin{1},'book') && (2 == exist(varargin{2},'file'))) Check_And_Load(varargin{2},handles); else errordlg('File Not Found','File Load Error') set(handles.Contact_Name,'String','') set(handles.Contact_Phone,'String','') end % UIWAIT makes address_book wait for user response (see UIRESUME) % uiwait(handles.figure1); % --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line. function varargout = address_book_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT); % hObject handle to figure % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get default command line output from handles structure varargout{1} = handles.output; % --- function pass = Check_And_Load(file,handles) % Initialize the variable "pass" to determine if this is a valid file. pass = 0; % If called without any file then set file to the default file name. % Otherwise if the file exists then load it. if isempty(file) file = 'addrbook.mat'; handles.LastFile = file; guidata(handles.Address_Book,handles) end if exist(file,'file') == 2 data = load(file); end % Validate the MAT-file % The file is valid if the variable is called "Addresses" and it has % fields called "Name" and "Phone" flds = fieldnames(data); if (length(flds) == 1) && (strcmp(flds{1},'Addresses')) fields = fieldnames(data.Addresses); if (length(fields) == 2) && (strcmp(fields{1},'Name')) && (strcmp(fields{2},'Phone')) pass = 1; end end % If the file is valid, display it if pass % Add Addresses to the handles structure handles.Addresses = data.Addresses; % Display the first entry set(handles.Contact_Name,'String',data.Addresses(1).Name) set(handles.Contact_Phone,'String',data.Addresses(1).Phone) % Set the index pointer to 1 <b> handles.Index = 1; % Save the modified handles structure guidata(handles.Address_Book,handles) disp('Check_And_Load') handles</b> else errordlg('Not a valid Address Book','Address Book Error') end % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for Open menu - displays an open dialog % ------------------------------------------------------------ function Open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % Use UIGETFILE to allow for the selection of a custom address book. [filename, pathname] = uigetfile( ... {'*.mat', 'All MAT-Files (*.mat)'; ... '*.*','All Files (*.*)'}, ... 'Select Address Book'); % If "Cancel" is selected then return if isequal([filename,pathname],[0,0]) return % Otherwise construct the fullfilename and Check and load the file. else File = fullfile(pathname,filename); % if the MAT-file is not valid, do not save the name <b>if Check_And_Load(File,handles) handles.LastFIle = File; guidata(hObject,handles) disp('In Open_Call') handles end</b> end % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for the Contact Name text box % ------------------------------------------------------------ function Contact_Name_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % hObject handle to Contact_Name (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double % Get the strings in the Contact Name and Phone text box Current_Name = get(handles.Contact_Name,'string'); Current_Phone = get(handles.Contact_Phone,'string'); % If empty then return if isempty(Current_Name) return end % Get the current list of addresses from the handles structure Addresses = handles.Addresses; % Go through the list of contacts % Determine if the current name matches an existing name for i = 1:length(Addresses) if strcmp(Addresses(i).Name,Current_Name) set(handles.Contact_Name,'string',Addresses(i).Name) set(handles.Contact_Phone,'string',Addresses(i).Phone) handles.Index = i; guidata(hObject,handles) return end end % If it's a new name, ask to create a new entry Answer=questdlg('Do you want to create a new entry?', ... 'Create New Entry', ... 'Yes','Cancel','Yes'); switch Answer case 'Yes' Addresses(end+1).Name = Current_Name; % Grow array by 1 Addresses(end).Phone = Current_Phone; index = length(Addresses); handles.Addresses = Addresses; handles.Index = index; guidata(hObject,handles) return case 'Cancel' % Revert back to the original number set(handles.Contact_Name,'string',Addresses(handles.Index).Name) set(handles.Contact_Phone,'String',Addresses(handles.Index).Phone) return end % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for the Contact Phone # text box % ------------------------------------------------------------ function Contact_Phone_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % hObject handle to Contact_Phone (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit1 as text % str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit1 as a double Current_Phone = get(handles.Contact_Phone,'string'); % If either one is empty then return if isempty(Current_Phone) return end % Get the current list of addresses from the handles structure Addresses = handles.Addresses; Answer=questdlg('Do you want to change the phone number?', ... 'Change Phone Number', ... 'Yes','Cancel','Yes'); switch Answer case 'Yes' % If no name match was found create a new contact Addresses(handles.Index).Phone = Current_Phone; handles.Addresses = Addresses; guidata(hObject,handles) return case 'Cancel' % Revert back to the original number set(handles.Contact_Phone,'String',Addresses(handles.Index).Phone) return end % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for the Prev and Next buttons % Pass a string argument (str) indicating which object was selected % ------------------------------------------------------------ function Prev_Next_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles, str) % hObject handle to Prev_Next (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA) % Get the index pointer and the addresses index = handles.Index; Addresses = handles.Addresses; % Depending on whether Prev or Next was clicked change the display switch str case 'Prev' % Decrease the index by one i = index - 1; % If the index is less then one then set it equal to the index of the % last element in the Addresses array if i < 1 i = length(Addresses); end case 'Next' % Increase the index by one i = index + 1; % If the index is greater than the size of the array then point % to the first item in the Addresses array if i > length(Addresses) i = 1; end end % Get the appropriate data for the index in selected Current_Name = Addresses(i).Name; Current_Phone = Addresses(i).Phone; set(handles.Contact_Name,'string',Current_Name) set(handles.Contact_Phone,'string',Current_Phone) % Update the index pointer to reflect the new index handles.Index = i; guidata(hObject,handles) disp('In Prev_Next_Callback'); handles % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for Save and Save As menus % ------------------------------------------------------------ function Save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % Get the Tag of the menu selected Tag = get(hObject,'Tag'); % Get the address array Addresses = handles.Addresses; % Based on the item selected, take the appropriate action switch Tag case 'Save' % Save to the default addrbook file File = handles.LastFile; save(File,'Addresses') case 'Save_As' % Allow the user to select the file name to save to [filename, pathname] = uiputfile( ... {'*.mat';'*.*'}, ... 'Save as'); % If 'Cancel' was selected then return if isequal([filename,pathname],[0,0]) return else % Construct the full path and save File = fullfile(pathname,filename); save(File,'Addresses') handles.LastFile = File; guidata(hObject,handles) end end % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for the Contact --> Create New menu % ------------------------------------------------------------ function New_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) set(handles.Contact_Name,'String','') set(handles.Contact_Phone,'String','') % function ResizeFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % return % ------------------------------------------------------------ % Callback for the GUI figure ResizeFcn property. % ------------------------------------------------------------ function ResizeFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin) % Handles resize behavior except when docked. This is because a certain % window height is always preserved, and because docked windows can % have arbitrary proportions. % Get the figure size and position. Figure Units are fixed as 'pixels'. % uicontrol units are in 'characters' Figure_Size = get(hObject,'Position'); % This is the figure's original position in pixel units Original_Size = [350 700 470 250]; % If the figure seems to be maximized, do not resize at all pix_pos = get(hObject,'Position'); scr_size = get(0,'ScreenSize'); if .99*scr_size(3) < pix_pos(3) % Apparently maximized % When docked, get out return end % If the resized figure is smaller than the original figure size then compensate % However, do not change figure size if it is docked; just adjust % uicontrols if ~strcmp(get(hObject,'WindowStyle'),'docked') if Figure_Size(3) < Original_Size(3) % If the width is too small then reset to origianl width set(hObject,'Position',[Figure_Size(1) ... Figure_Size(2) ... Original_Size(3) ... Original_Size(4)]) Figure_Size = get(hObject,'Position'); end if abs(Figure_Size(4) - Original_Size(4)) > 10 % pixels % Do not allow the height to change set(hObject,'Position',[Figure_Size(1) ... Figure_Size(2)+Figure_Size(4)-Original_Size(4) ... Figure_Size(3) ... Original_Size(4)]) end movegui(hObject, 'onscreen') end % Get Contact_Name field Position for readjusting its width C_N_pos = get(handles.Contact_Name,'Position'); ratio = Figure_Size(3) / Original_Size(3); % Reset it so that its width remains proportional to figure width % The original width of the Contact_Name box is 72 (characters) set(handles.Contact_Name,'Position',[C_N_pos(1) ... C_N_pos(2) ... ratio * 72 ... C_N_pos(4)]) % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function Contact_Name_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to Contact_Name (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background, change % 'usewhitebg' to 0 to use default. See ISPC and COMPUTER. usewhitebg = ispc; if usewhitebg set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); else set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')); end % --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties. function Contact_Phone_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) % hObject handle to Contact_Phone (see GCBO) % eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB % handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called % Hint: edit controls usually have a white background, change % 'usewhitebg' to 0 to use default. See ISPC and COMPUTER. usewhitebg = ispc; if usewhitebg set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white'); else set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor')); end  

 

在按上面的操作步骤来进行，handles的变化如下所示：

>> run('F:/doc/matlab/GUI/GUI/address_book.m') Check_And_Load handles = Address_Book: 205.0023 Contact_Label: 32.0101 Context_Menu: 13.0087 Contact: 11.0087 File: 7.0107 Contact_Phone_Label: 6.0116 Contact_Name_Label: 5.0138 Next: 4.0144 Prev: 3.0127 Contact_Phone: 2.0146 Contact_Name: 1.0149 Frame: 206.0023 Save: [15.0087 9.0087] New: 14.0087 Create_New: 12.0087 Save_As: 10.0087 Open: 8.0087 output: 205.0023 LastFile: 'addrbook.mat' Addresses: [1x4 struct] Index: 1 In Prev_Next_Callback handles = Address_Book: 205.0023 Contact_Label: 32.0101 Context_Menu: 13.0087 Contact: 11.0087 File: 7.0107 Contact_Phone_Label: 6.0116 Contact_Name_Label: 5.0138 Next: 4.0144 Prev: 3.0127 Contact_Phone: 2.0146 Contact_Name: 1.0149 Frame: 206.0023 Save: [15.0087 9.0087] New: 14.0087 Create_New: 12.0087 Save_As: 10.0087 Open: 8.0087 output: 205.0023 LastFile: 'addrbook.mat' Addresses: [1x4 struct] Index: 2 Check_And_Load handles = Address_Book: 205.0023 Contact_Label: 32.0101 Context_Menu: 13.0087 Contact: 11.0087 File: 7.0107 Contact_Phone_Label: 6.0116 Contact_Name_Label: 5.0138 Next: 4.0144 Prev: 3.0127 Contact_Phone: 2.0146 Contact_Name: 1.0149 Frame: 206.0023 Save: [15.0087 9.0087] New: 14.0087 Create_New: 12.0087 Save_As: 10.0087 Open: 8.0087 output: 205.0023 LastFile: 'addrbook.mat' Addresses: [1x4 struct] Index: 1 In Open_Call handles = Address_Book: 205.0023 Contact_Label: 32.0101 Context_Menu: 13.0087 Contact: 11.0087 File: 7.0107 Contact_Phone_Label: 6.0116 Contact_Name_Label: 5.0138 Next: 4.0144 Prev: 3.0127 Contact_Phone: 2.0146 Contact_Name: 1.0149 Frame: 206.0023 Save: [15.0087 9.0087] New: 14.0087 Create_New: 12.0087 Save_As: 10.0087 Open: 8.0087 output: 205.0023 LastFile: 'addrbook.mat' Addresses: [1x4 struct] Index: 2 LastFIle: 'F:/doc/matlab/GUI/GUI/addrbook.mat' In Prev_Next_Callback handles = Address_Book: 205.0023 Contact_Label: 32.0101 Context_Menu: 13.0087 Contact: 11.0087 File: 7.0107 Contact_Phone_Label: 6.0116 Contact_Name_Label: 5.0138 Next: 4.0144 Prev: 3.0127 Contact_Phone: 2.0146 Contact_Name: 1.0149 Frame: 206.0023 Save: [15.0087 9.0087] New: 14.0087 Create_New: 12.0087 Save_As: 10.0087 Open: 8.0087 output: 205.0023 LastFile: 'addrbook.mat' Addresses: [1x4 struct] Index: 3 LastFIle: 'F:/doc/matlab/GUI/GUI/addrbook.mat' 

 

   可见，在Check_And_Load函数设置的语句

handles.Index = 1; % Save the modified handles structure guidata(handles.Address_Book,handles) disp('Check_And_Load') handles 

是起了作用的（handles.Index=1），可是调用返回（在Open_Callback中调用Check_And_Check）后，在查看handles的值（在Open_Callback中）

if Check_And_Load(File,handles) handles.LastFIle = File; guidata(hObject,handles) disp('In Open_Call') handles end 

 结果handles.Index=2，好像又变回来了，怎么回事呢？