shell的执行流控制

一.for语句

作⽤
为循环执⾏动作
for语句结构
for 定义变量
do 使⽤变量，执⾏动作
done 结束标志

for语句的基本格式

格式1：

#!/bin/bash
for WESTOS in $(seq 1 2 10)
do
 echo $WESTOS
done

格式2：

for WESTOS in westos linux lee
do
 echo $WESTOS
done

格式3：

for WESTOS in {10..1}
do
 echo $WESTOS
done

格式4：

for ((WESTOS=0;WESTOS<10;WESTOS++))
do
 echo $WESTOS
done

二.条件语句

while…do语句

作⽤：
条件为真执⾏动作

语句结构

while ture
do
done

until…do 语句

作⽤:
条件为假执⾏动作

语句结构

until false
do
done

if语句

if…then…elif…then…else…fi

作⽤：
多次判定条件执⾏动作

代码结构

if
then
elif
then
... 
else
fi

脚本练习

1.check_file.sh
please input filename: file
file is not exist
file is file
file is direcory
此脚本会⼀直询问直到⽤⼾输⼊exit为⽌

sh check_file.sh

while true
do
        read -p "Please input filename: " FILE
        if [ $FILE = "exit" ]
        then echo exit
                exit
        elif [ ! -e "$FILE" ]
        then echo file is not exist !!
        elif [ -f "$FILE" ]
        then echo file is file
        elif [ -d "$FILE" ]
        then echo file is direcory
        fi
done

三.case

语句基本结构

case $1 in
word1|WORD1)
action1
;;
word2|WORD2)action2
;;
*)
action3
esac

四.expect

问题脚本

#!/bin/bash
read -p "what's your name:" NAME
read -p "How old are you: " AGE 
read -p "Which objective: " OBJ
read -p "Are you ok? " OK
echo $NAME is $AGE's old study $OBJ feel $OK

应答脚本

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 1
set NAME [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set AGE [ lindex $argv 1 ]
set OBJ [ lindex $argv 2 ]
set FEEL [ lindex $argv 3 ]
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect {
"name" { send "$NAME\r";exp_continue }
"old" { send "$AGE\r";exp_continue }
"objective" { send "$OBJ\r";exp_continue }
"ok" { send "$FEEL\r" }
}
expect eof

脚本练习

    host_list.sh

检测172.25.254.1-172.25.254.10网络是否开启

如果网络正常请生成解析列表hosts_list

格式如下

ip

主机名称

例如：172.25.254.1为开启状态主机名为westos_student1.westos.org

hosts_list中

172.25.254.1 westos_student1.westos.org

7.break,continue,exit

contiue ##终止当此次前循环提前进入下个循环

break ##终止当前所在语句所有动作进行语句外的其他动作

exit ##脚本退出