Future 表示异步计算的结果。它提供了检查计算是否完成的方法,以等待计算的完成,并获取计算的结果。计算完成后只能使用 get 方法来获取结果,如有必要,计算完成前可以阻塞此方法。取消则由 cancel 方法来执行。还提供了其他方法,以确定任务是正常完成还是被取消了。一旦计算完成,就不能再取消计算。如果为了可取消性而使用 Future 但又不提供可用的结果,则可以声明 Future<?> 形式类型、并返回 null 作为底层任务的结果。
用法示例(注意,下列各类都是构造好的。)
interface ArchiveSearcher { String search(String target); } class App { ExecutorService executor = ... ArchiveSearcher searcher = ... void showSearch(final String target) throws InterruptedException { Future<String> future = executor.submit(new Callable<String>() { public String call() { return searcher.search(target); }}); displayOtherThings(); // do other things while searching try { displayText(future.get()); // use future } catch (ExecutionException ex) { cleanup(); return; } } }
package cn.itcast.heima2; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class CallableAndFuture { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); Future<String> future = threadPool.submit(new Callable<String>() { @Override public String call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(2000); return "hello"; } }); System.out.println("等待结果"); System.out.println("拿到结果"+future.get()); } }
package cn.itcast.heima2; import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.CompletionService; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorCompletionService; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public class CallableAndFuture { static Random rd = new Random(); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); Future<String> future = threadPool.submit(new Callable<String>() { @Override public String call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(2000); return "hello"; } }); System.out.println("等待结果"); System.out.println("拿到结果" + future.get()); ExecutorService threadPool2 = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); CompletionService<Integer> cs = new ExecutorCompletionService<>(threadPool2); for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { final int seq = i; cs.submit(new Callable<Integer>() { @Override public Integer call() throws Exception { Thread.sleep(rd.nextInt(5000)); return seq; } }); } for(int i=0;i<10;i++){ System.out.println(cs.take().get()); } } }