2023年广东省大学生程序设计竞赛题解

比赛链接:The 2023 Guangdong Provincial Collegiate Programming Contest

A. Programming Contest(签到)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define int long long
using i64 = long long;
 
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;
 
const int N = 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
 
void solve()
{
	int x1, x2;
	cin >> x1;
	int x; cin >> x;
	vector<int> a(x);
	for (int i = 0; i < x; i ++ ) cin >> a[i];
	cin >> x2;
	int ans = x2 - x1 + 1;
	for (auto t : a)
	{
		if (t >= x1 && t <= x2) ans -- ;
	}
	cout << ans << '\n';
}
 
signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
 
	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

B. Base Station Construction(单调队列优化dp)

设计状态 dp[i] 表示前 i 个位置满足条件,且第 i 个位置必选的最小代价,转移方程即为: d p [ i ] = min ⁡ d p [ j ] + a [ i ] dp[i]=\min{dp[j]}+a[i] dp[i]=mindp[j]+a[i],j 需要满足的条件是, [ j ,   i − 1 ] [j,\ i-1] [j, i1] 没有完整的区间限制

所以我们先在存储限制的时候记录下每个右端点对应的左端点,之后用单调队列更新当前能取的最大的 j

我们可以将 a[n + 1] 赋值为 0,这样最终答案即为 dp[n + 1]

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define int long long
using i64 = long long;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;

const int N = 5e5 + 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;

void solve()
{
	int n; cin >> n;
	vector<int> a(n + 2);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) cin >> a[i];
	a[n + 1] = 0;
	vector<int> dp(n + 2);
	int m; cin >> m;
	vector<int> lt(n + 2);
	for (int i = 1; i <= m; i ++ )
	{
		int l, r; cin >> l >> r;
		lt[r] = max(l, lt[r]);
	}
	deque<int> dq;
	dq.push_back(0);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n + 1; i ++ )
	{
		dp[i] = dp[dq.front()] + a[i];
		while (!dq.empty() && dp[dq.back()] > dp[i]) dq.pop_back();
		dq.push_back(i);
		while (!dq.empty() && dq.front() < lt[i]) dq.pop_front();
	}
	cout << dp[n + 1] << '\n';
}

signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);

	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

C. Trading(排序)

排序即可,便宜的买,贵的卖

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define int long long
using i64 = long long;
 
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;
 
const int N = 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
 
void solve()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	vector<PII> a(n);
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ ) cin >> a[i].first >> a[i].second;
	sort(a.begin(), a.end());
	int sum = 0;
	for (auto t : a) sum += t.second;
	int cnt = sum / 2;
	int sum1 = 0, sum2 = 0;
	for (auto t : a)
	{
		if (t.second <= cnt)
		{
			sum1 += t.first * t.second;
			cnt -= t.second;
		}
		else if (cnt > 0)
		{
			sum1 += cnt * t.first;
			cnt = 0;
			break;
		}
		else if (cnt <= 0) break;
	} 
	cnt = sum / 2;
	for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i -- )
	{
		if (a[i].second <= cnt)
		{
			sum2 += a[i].first * a[i].second;
			cnt -= a[i].second;
		}
		else if (cnt > 0)
		{
			sum2 += cnt * a[i].first;
			cnt = 0;
			break;
		}
		else if (cnt <= 0) break;
	}
	cout << sum2 - sum1 << '\n';
}
 
signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
 
	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

D. New Houses(枚举+排序)

根据二者的差值排序,然后枚举多少人没有邻居就可以了

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define int long long
using i64 = long long;
 
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;
 
const int N = 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
 
void solve()
{
	int n, m;
	cin >> n >> m;
	vector<PII> a(n + 1);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ ) cin >> a[i].first >> a[i].second;
	auto cmp = [&](PII a, PII b)
	{
		return a.second - a.first > b.second - b.first;
	};
	sort(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), cmp);
	vector<int> pre1(n + 1), pre2(n + 1);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
	{
		pre1[i] = pre1[i - 1] + a[i].first;
		pre2[i] = pre2[i - 1] + a[i].second;
	}
	int ans = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i <= n; i ++ )
	{
		int j = n - i;
		if (j == 1) continue;
		if (j == 0 && (i - 1) * 2 + 1 > m) continue;
		else if (j != 0 && i * 2 + j > m) continue;
		int res = pre2[i] + pre1[n] - pre1[i];
		ans = max(ans, res);
	}
	cout << ans << '\n';
}
 
signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
 
	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

E. New but Nostalgic Problem(字典树)

从左到右确定答案的每一位,假设我们已经确定了前三位 abc,开始枚举第四位,假设枚举到第四位为 g,那么我们的取值是怎样的呢?

首先 abc[a-g] 随便取,因为他们的公共前缀对最终答案不造成影响,然后 abc[h-z] 每种情况只能取一个,因为只要取了两个,就不能保证最终公共前缀是 abcg

如果这样可以选择大于等于 k 个字符串,那么答案的前缀确定是 abcg,如果不能,就要继续枚举第四个字符是其他的情况

前四位确定之后我们要看是不是只有四位呢?

如果答案只有四位的话,abcg[a-z] 每种情况最多取一个,看这样能不能取大于等于 k 个字符串,如果可以的话答案就是 abcg,不能的话再继续枚举第五位

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define int long long
using i64 = long long;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;

const int N = 1e6 + 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;

int idx, cnt[N], st[N], tr[N][26];

int newNode()
{
    idx++;
    st[idx] = cnt[idx] = 0;
    memset(tr[idx], 0, sizeof(tr[idx]));
    return idx;
}

void add(string s)
{
	int p = 1;
	// cnt[p] ++ ;
	for (auto t : s)
	{
		int c = t - 'a';
		if (!tr[p][c]) tr[p][c] = newNode();
		p = tr[p][c];
		cnt[p] ++ ;
	}
	st[p] ++ ;
}

void solve()
{
	idx = 0;
	newNode();
	int n, k;
	cin >> n >> k;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ )
	{
		string s;
		cin >> s;
		add(s);
	}
	int p = 1;
	while (1)
	{
		int tmp = st[p];
		for (int i = 0; i < 26; i ++ )
			if (cnt[tr[p][i]]) tmp ++ ;
		if (tmp >= k)
		{
			if (p == 1) cout << "EMPTY";
			cout << '\n';
			return;
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < 26; i ++ )
		{
			if (cnt[tr[p][i]])
			{
				tmp += cnt[tr[p][i]] - 1;
				if (tmp >= k)
				{
					k -= tmp - cnt[tr[p][i]];
					p = tr[p][i];
					cout << (char)(i + 'a');
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);

	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

F. Traveling in Cells(线段树+树状数组+二分)

首先看查询操作,很容易想到,就是要找包含起始点的最长子段,子段的左端点和右端点都可以通过二分找到

二分的check函数怎么写呢?以左端点为例,如果 [mid, x] 在集合内的颜色数是 x - mid + 1 个,说明这一段都是满足条件的,mid 可以继续往左搜索,否则往右搜索

现在我们需要的就是,查找 [l, r] 之间第 i 个颜色的出现次数,再把集合内的颜色累加一下得到答案,但是直接加会mle的很惨,所以考虑一下怎么优化

我们可以把所有颜色捡到一棵树上,用动态开点线段树,然后再存储一下每个颜色的树根结点,每次从这个颜色的根节点往下找就可以

最后用树状数组维护一下区间的权值和

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define int long long
using i64 = long long;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;

const int N = 3e5 + 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;

int n;
int c[N], v[N];
int rt[N], idx;

struct node
{
	int ls, rs, sum;
} tr[N * 10];

void modify(int &u, int l, int r, int pos, int val)
{
	if (!u) u = ++ idx;
	if (l == r)
	{
		tr[u].sum += val;
		return;
	}
	int mid = l + r >> 1;
	if (pos <= mid) modify(tr[u].ls, l, mid, pos, val);
	else modify(tr[u].rs, mid + 1, r, pos, val);
	tr[u].sum = tr[tr[u].ls].sum + tr[tr[u].rs].sum;
}

int query(int u, int l, int r, int ql, int qr)
{
	if (!u) return 0;
	if (l >= ql && r <= qr) return tr[u].sum;
	int mid = l + r >> 1;
	int res = 0;
	if (ql <= mid) res += query(tr[u].ls, l, mid, ql, qr);
	if (qr > mid) res += query(tr[u].rs, mid + 1, r, ql, qr);
	return res;
}

int ttr[N];

int lowbit(int x)
{
	return x & -x;
}

void add(int pos, int val)
{
	for (int i = pos; i <= n; i += lowbit(i))
		ttr[i] += val;
}

int get_sum(int pos)
{
	int res = 0;
	for (int i = pos; i > 0; i -= lowbit(i)) res += ttr[i];
	return res;
}

int get_sum(int l, int r)
{
	return get_sum(r) - get_sum(l - 1);
}

vector<int> cq;

bool check(int l, int r, int cnt)
{
	int res = 0;
	for (auto t : cq)
		res += query(rt[t], 1, n, l, r);
	return res == cnt;
}

void get_ans()
{
	int st, k;
	cin >> st >> k;
	cq.clear();
	for (int i = 1; i <= k; i ++ )
	{
		int xx; cin >> xx;
		cq.push_back(xx);
	}

	sort(cq.begin(), cq.end());
	cq.erase(unique(cq.begin(), cq.end()), cq.end());

	int l = 1, r = n;
	int lr = st, rl = st;

	while (l < lr)
	{
		int mid = l + lr >> 1;
		if (check(mid, st, st - mid + 1)) lr = mid;
		else l = mid + 1;
	}
	while (rl < r)
	{
		int mid = rl + r + 1 >> 1;
		if (check(st, mid, mid - st + 1)) rl = mid;
		else r = mid - 1;
	}

	cout << get_sum(l, r) << '\n';
}

void clear()
{
    for (int i = 0; i <= idx; i++)
        tr[i] = {0, 0, 0};
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        rt[i] = ttr[i] = 0;
    idx = 0;
}

void solve()
{
	clear();
	int q;
	cin >> n >> q;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
	{
		cin >> c[i];
		modify(rt[c[i]], 1, n, i, 1);
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
	{
		cin >> v[i];
		add(i, v[i]);
	}
	while (q -- )
	{
		int op, pos, x;
		cin >> op;
		if (op == 1)
		{
			cin >> pos >> x;
			modify(rt[c[pos]], 1, n, pos, -1);
			c[pos] = x;
			modify(rt[c[pos]], 1, n, pos, 1);
		}
		else if (op == 2)
		{
			cin >> pos >> x;
			add(pos, x - v[pos]);
			v[pos] = x;
		}
		else get_ans();
	}
}

signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);

	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

I. Path Planning(二分)

输入的时候存储每一个数字所在的位置,然后二分,把路径存储下来,按 x 排序,判断 y 有没有不合理的地方即可

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define int long long
using i64 = long long;
 
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;
 
const int N = 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
 
void solve()
{
	int n, m;
	cin >> n >> m;
	vector<PII> pos(n * m);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++ )
		{
			int x; cin >> x;
			pos[x] = {i, j};
		}
	auto check = [&](int x)
	{
		vector<PII> v;
		for (int i = 0; i < x; i ++ )
		{
			v.push_back(pos[i]);
		}
		sort(v.begin(), v.end());
		int tmp = v[0].second;
		for (int i = 1; i < v.size(); i ++ )
		{
			if (v[i].second < tmp) return false;
			tmp = v[i].second;
		}
		return true;
	};
	int l = 0, r = n * m;
	while (l < r)
	{
		int mid = l + r + 1 >> 1;
		if (check(mid)) l = mid;
		else r = mid - 1;
	}
	cout << r << '\n';
}
 
signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
 
	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

K. Peg Solitaire(DFS)

数据范围特别小,所以直接打暴力即可

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
 
using namespace std;
 
#define int long long
using i64 = long long;
 
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, char> PIC;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef pair<int, PII> PIII;
typedef pair<int, pair<int, bool>> PIIB;
 
const int N = 10;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int mod1 = 954169327;
const int mod2 = 906097321;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
 
int dx[] = {0, 1, 0, -1}, dy[] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
 
void solve()
{
	int n, m, k;
	cin >> n >> m >> k;
	vector<vector<int>> g(n + 1, vector<int>(m + 1));
	vector<vector<int>> st(n + 1, vector<int>(m + 1, -1));
	for (int i = 0; i < k; i ++ )
	{
		int x, y;
		cin >> x >> y;
		g[x][y] = 1;
	}
	int res = 0;
	int ans = 0;
	function<void(int, int)> dfs = [&](int x, int y)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++ )
		{
			int nx = x + dx[i], ny = y + dy[i];
			int nnx = nx + dx[i], nny = ny + dy[i];
			if (nx <= 0 || ny <= 0 || nx > n || ny > m) continue;
			if (nnx <= 0 || nny <= 0 || nnx > n || nny > m) continue;
			if (g[nx][ny] == 1 && g[nnx][nny] == 0)
			{
				g[x][y] = 0;
				g[nx][ny] = 0;
				g[nnx][nny] = 1;
				res ++ ;
				ans = max(ans, res);
				for (int ii = 1; ii <= n; ii ++ )
				{
					for (int jj = 1; jj <= m; jj ++ )
					{
						if (g[ii][jj] == 1) dfs(ii, jj);
					}
				}
				g[x][y] = 1;
				g[nx][ny] = 1;
				g[nnx][nny] = 0;
				res -- ;
			}
		}
	};
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++ )
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; j ++ )
			if (g[i][j] == 1) dfs(i, j);
	cout << k - ans << '\n';
}
 
signed main()
{
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
 
	int t = 1;
	cin >> t;
	while (t--)
	{
		solve();
	}
}

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