linux下安装mysql的方法——Redhat安装myql5.7

安装Mysql
参考地址： https://blog.csdn.net/zhoudatianchai/article/details/87883688
下载linux对应的版本：
这里Linux 是 Red Hat 6.8，所以下载了 ：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 / Oracle Linux 6 (x86, 64-bit), RPM Bundle， 包名： (mysql-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar)
下载地址：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 这里使用的是rpm包安装，下载对应的社区版rpm包 ，不能只下载mysql-server服务器，因为有依赖关系，得至少下载下面五个包

1 将windows下的文件拷贝到 Linux虚拟机

[root@Master software]# cp /mnt/hgfs/H/install_src/app_linux/mysql-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar  /usr/local/software/install_src/

2 解压到指定目录

 [root@Master software]# tar -xvf /usr/local/software/install_src/mysql-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/software/install_src/

3 查看已安装 的mysql包

[root@Master install_src]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
[root@Master install_src]# service mysqld start
mysqld: unrecognized service

##查看解压文件：

[root@Master mysql]# ls -l
total 963544
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  493332480 Aug  5 12:14 mysql-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  26022228 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415    377844 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   4087492 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  39578388 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 138439076 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   2530056 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   1760740 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 169746568 Mar 27 00:49 mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 110776084 Mar 27 00:50 mysql-community-test-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

将搜索出的包名卸载：
#rpm -e –nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64 （nodeps表示强制删除）
希望删除，但是存在依赖无法删除；
再看mysql 路径

[root@Master install_src]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
	libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64
	libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64
	mysql-libs is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64
[root@Master install_src]# which mysql
/usr/bin/which: no mysql in (/usr/local/software/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/usr/local/software/spark-2.3.2-bin-hadoop2.7/bin:/usr/local/software/scala-2.11.12/bin:/usr/local/software/hadoop-2.7.7/bin:/home/dhy/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/root/bin)

4 开始安装mysql数据库啦，注意了官方文档说啦，各个文件是有依赖性的，必须按以下顺序安装，你也可以试试其他顺序，看看提示的错误
安装顺序
mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
imysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.18-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装出错提示 有冲突， conflict （机子上已经安装其它版本的mysql数据库）
具体如下：
[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
运行出错情况：

[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
	file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/estonian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/french/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/german/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/greek/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/hungarian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/italian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/japanese/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/korean/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/polish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/portuguese/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/romanian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/russian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/serbian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/slovak/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1251.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
	file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64
[root@Master mysql]# 

出现了冲突，也就是安装失败， 安装后面的libs 出现无法安装的提示。

[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64

需要删除已经安装的旧版本，采用yum -y remove命令删除

[root@Master mysql]# yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1.73*

再执行以下命令安装MySQL：
次序为：common、 libs、client、 server、devel
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [100%]
[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-libs   ########################################### [100%]
[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-client ########################################### [100%]
[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]
[root@Master mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-devel  ########################################### [100%]
[root@Master mysql]# 

官方安装说明地址：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/linux-installation-rpm.html
5 安装完成后，启动mysql 。采用service mysqld start 命令
##出现启动失败：
[root@Master mysql]# service mysqld start
Initializing MySQL database: [FAILED]
##更换到root权限下执行
[root@Master mysql]# sudo service mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

6 启动之后密码就初始化好了， vim /var/log/mysqld.log 查看 ps 是 mysqld.log 不是mysql.log

2021-08-05T06:54:40.633731Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-08-05T06:54:40.845319Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-08-05T06:54:40.879220Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-08-05T06:54:40.944536Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 01e5175a-f5ba-11eb-b7d6-000c29f0b4d3.
2021-08-05T06:54:40.946723Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-08-05T06:54:41.820143Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-08-05T06:54:41.899831Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ;hlv)vg9qIwV
2021-08-05T06:54:43.214632Z 1 [ERROR] Failed to open the bootstrap file /var/lib/mysql-files/install-validate-password-plugin.iCpLlF.sql
2021-08-05T06:54:43.214648Z 1 [ERROR] 1105  Bootstrap file error, return code (0). Nearest query: 'SET @@sql_log_bin = @sql_log_bin;

7 登录MySQL，登录进去是没有权限任何操作的，必须修改密码
输入上一步查看到的临时密码，我这里是 ;hlv)vg9qIwV
先mysql -uroot -p 输入密码登陆，并用SET password 执行修改密码语句。
修改密码在mysql下采用代码，
set password for ‘root’@‘localhost’=‘newpasswd’ newpasswd就是设置的新密码，密码必须要符合要求，八位及以上，需要大小写、数字和特殊字符。

[root@Master mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.34

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'='Dhy_123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit

8修改MySQL的登录设置的方法
1修改MySQL的登录设置：
# vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]的段中加上一句：skip-grant-tables ##跳过权限验证
在[mysqld]的段中加上一句：skip-name-resolve ##跳过域名解析

例如：
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-name-resolve

2、重新启动mysqld

service mysqld restart

3、将MySQL的登录设置修改回来

vi /etc/my.cnf

将刚才在[mysqld]的段中加上的skip-grant-tables删除

保存并且退出vi。

4、重新启动mysqld
[root@Master mysql]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@Master mysql]#
5、创建新用户
grant all privileges on . to root@’%’ identified by ‘123456’;

9 到此就算mysql数据库安装完成了，接下来就是漫长的mysql学习之路，祝你成功！

mysql5.7初始化密码报错 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before

#首先，修改validate_password_policy参数的值

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

validate_password_length(密码长度)参数默认为8，我们修改为1

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#完成之后再次执行修改密码语句即可成功

mysql> alter user ‘root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘123456’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

10 将mysqld服务加入开机自启动项。
先检查下mysql是否在自启动列表：
chkconfig --list mysqld
[root@Master usr]# chkconfig --list|grep mysql
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

将mysql加入自启动列表：
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
重启验证： 执行reboot指令。等到服务器重启好了。我们来验证mysql是否启动成功。
验证的方法有很多
service mysqld status
ps aux | grep mysql
或者干脆直接登录mysql
mysql -uroot