说点题外话,将近三个半月没有写博客了,年初换工作,在新的公司,上班第三天开始干活,花了二十来天弄了一个项目,上线后,接着又迭代了几个版本,不知不觉,试用期过完,才稍微有几天闲时。在年初的时候,就一直在想,
将圈内的几个流行的网络框架的源码分析分析,但是又但是水平不够,有些分析的不好,那就尴尬了....所以花了点时间好好看了一下,走了一遍这些源码,决定试一试,相当于做个笔记吧。今天就从一个相对轻量级的网络请求框架下手--Volley。
Volley
提起这个Volley,很多同学应该都很熟悉,但是我面试过蛮多人,问起,对volley的了解,基本上就说,里面对图片做了缓存,在2.3之前用的是HTTPClient,
2.3后用的是HttpURLConnection,然后就没了.... 虽然这没什么错,但是对于一个有经验的开发人员来说,这样的认识,太过于表面了。我们知道Volley是
在2013年Google I/O大会上推出了一个新的网络通信框架,他的设计目的就是为了那些请求数据量不是特别大,但是又是特别频繁的网络操作非常适合。但是对于
数据量较大的请求,比如说下载一个较大的文件,Volley可能相比于其他的框架,就有点不足了....
Volley简单使用
我这里是以依赖架包的形式 ,大家也可以以gradle的形式进行依赖。
好了,接下来上代码了.....
1 //获取volley的请求对象 2 RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext()); 3 StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(StringRequest.Method.GET, "http://www.baidu.com", new Response.Listener<String>() { 4 @Override 5 public void onResponse(String s) { 6 Log.d("MainActivity", "----->" + s); 7 8 } 9 }, new Response.ErrorListener() { 10 @Override 11 public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) { 12 Log.d("MainActivity", "---volleyError-->" + volleyError); 13 } 14 }); 15 requestQueue.add(stringRequest);
从代码可以看出,首先newRequestQueue来获取到一个请求队列,然后在将StringRequest这个请求添加到请求队列中,就可以了,就是这么简单。当然请求不值
StringRequest,还有JsonObjectRequest ,ImageRequest等等但是用法都是一样的,这里就不贴代码了。接着...就没了,Volley的简单使用就这样可以进行请
求了。是不是很简单....
但是这个不是本篇的重点,重点是分析一下这些是怎么执行的。先上一张图,这张图是在网上拿过来用的...
我们先看看newRequestQueue这个内部是怎么执行的,代码一开始连续执行了几个重载方法,最后走到newRequestQueue
1 public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context, HttpStack stack, int maxDiskCacheBytes) { 2 File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), "volley"); 3 String userAgent = "volley/0"; 4 5 try { 6 String packageName = context.getPackageName(); 7 PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packageName, 0); 8 userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode; 9 } catch (NameNotFoundException var7) { 10 ; 11 } 12 13 //这里进行了一个版本的判断 2.3之前用的是HTTPClient,2.3之后使用的是HttpURLConnection 14 if (stack == null) { 15 if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) { 16 stack = new HurlStack(); 17 } else { 18 stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent)); 19 } 20 } 21 22 Network network = new BasicNetwork((HttpStack)stack); 23 RequestQueue queue; 24 if (maxDiskCacheBytes <= -1) { 25 queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir), network); 26 } else { 27 queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir, maxDiskCacheBytes), network); 28 } 29 30 queue.start(); 31 return queue; 32 }
在这里,我们看到了一个版本判断,是不是瞬间感觉有点熟悉,没错,我们前面说的,volley2.3之前用的是HTTPClient,2.3之后使用的是HttpURLConnection
就是在这里进行判断的。接着看queue.start();
1 public void start() { 2 this.stop(); 3 this.mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(this.mCacheQueue, this.mNetworkQueue, this.mCache, this.mDelivery); 4 this.mCacheDispatcher.start(); 5 6 for(int i = 0; i < this.mDispatchers.length; ++i) { 7 NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(this.mNetworkQueue, this.mNetwork, this.mCache, this.mDelivery); 8 this.mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher; 9 networkDispatcher.start(); 10 } 11 12 }
mCacheDispatcher是缓存调度线程,NetworkDispatcher是网络调度线程,而这个this.mDispatchers.length系统默认的大小为4,也就是说,在这里总共启动了5个线程在后台运行。
好了,到这里,就可以了,看源码不要每一行都弄懂,不然,出不来了。到这里就拿到了这个RequestQueue对象。回过头来看前面使用的代码
1 //获取volley的请求对象 2 RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext()); 3 StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(StringRequest.Method.GET, "http://www.baidu.com", new Response.Listener<String>() { 4 @Override 5 public void onResponse(String s) { 6 Log.d("MainActivity", "----->" + s); 7 8 } 9 }, new Response.ErrorListener() { 10 @Override 11 public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) { 12 Log.d("MainActivity", "---volleyError-->" + volleyError); 13 } 14 }); 15 requestQueue.add(stringRequest);
我们拿到这个RequestQueue对象以后,然后就把这个请求通过add方法添加到队列中,我们看看这个add()方法是怎么执行的。
1 public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) { 2 request.setRequestQueue(this); 3 Set var2 = this.mCurrentRequests; 4 synchronized(this.mCurrentRequests) { 5 this.mCurrentRequests.add(request); 6 } 7 8 request.setSequence(this.getSequenceNumber()); 9 request.addMarker("add-to-queue"); 10 if (!request.shouldCache()) { //如果不能缓存 11 this.mNetworkQueue.add(request); 12 return request; 13 } else { 14 Map var7 = this.mWaitingRequests; 15 synchronized(this.mWaitingRequests) { 16 String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey(); 17 if (this.mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) { //判断之前是否执行过,但是还没有返回结果 18 Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = (Queue)this.mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey); 19 if (stagedRequests == null) { 20 stagedRequests = new LinkedList(); 21 } 22 23 ((Queue)stagedRequests).add(request); 24 this.mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests); 25 if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) { 26 VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", new Object[]{cacheKey}); 27 } 28 } else { 29 //没有的话就将请求加入缓存队列mCacheQueue,同时加入mWaitingRequests中用来做下次同样请求来时的重复判断依据 30 this.mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, (Object)null); 31 this.mCacheQueue.add(request); 32 } 33 34 return request; 35 } 36 } 37 }
从代码中可以看出,首先判断是否可以缓存,当然,默认是可以缓存的。如果不能缓存的话,则通过this.mNetworkQueue.add(request);将请求添加到网络请求队列中。如果可以缓存
则还会判断一次这个请求是否请求,如果执行过就就通过this.mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);添加到mWaitingRequests队列,不在重复请求。否则就加入到缓存队列。
大体的流程是这样。现在我们看看缓存的,和网络的是怎么执行的。我们找到start()方法
1 public void start() { 2 this.stop(); 3 this.mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(this.mCacheQueue, this.mNetworkQueue, this.mCache, this.mDelivery); 4 this.mCacheDispatcher.start(); 5 6 for(int i = 0; i < this.mDispatchers.length; ++i) { 7 NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(this.mNetworkQueue, this.mNetwork, this.mCache, this.mDelivery); 8 this.mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher; 9 networkDispatcher.start(); 10 } 11 12 }
先看CacheDispatcher,找到run()方法
1 public void run() { 2 if (DEBUG) { 3 VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher", new Object[0]); 4 } 5 6 Process.setThreadPriority(10); 7 this.mCache.initialize(); 8 9 while(true) { 10 while(true) { 11 while(true) { 12 while(true) { 13 try { 14 while(true) { 15 final Request<?> request = (Request)this.mCacheQueue.take(); //从缓存队列中获取到一个请求 16 request.addMarker("cache-queue-take"); 17 if (request.isCanceled()) { //判断请求是否取消,如果取消了,那就将该请求finish掉 18 request.finish("cache-discard-canceled"); 19 } else { 20 Entry entry = this.mCache.get(request.getCacheKey()); 21 if (entry == null) {//如果从缓存中取出来的内容为空,则将请求加入到网络线程中再次请求 22 request.addMarker("cache-miss"); 23 this.mNetworkQueue.put(request); 24 } else if (entry.isExpired()) { //如果请求过期了,则将请求加入到网络线程中再次请求 25 request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired"); 26 request.setCacheEntry(entry); 27 this.mNetworkQueue.put(request); 28 } else { //将数据回调到主线程 29 request.addMarker("cache-hit"); 30 Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders)); 31 request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed"); 32 if (entry.refreshNeeded()) { 33 request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed"); 34 request.setCacheEntry(entry); 35 response.intermediate = true; 36 this.mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() { 37 public void run() { 38 try { 39 CacheDispatcher.this.mNetworkQueue.put(request); 40 } catch (InterruptedException var2) { 41 ; 42 } 43 44 } 45 }); 46 } else { 47 this.mDelivery.postResponse(request, response); 48 } 49 } 50 } 51 } 52 } catch (InterruptedException var4) { 53 if (this.mQuit) { 54 return; 55 } 56 } 57 } 58 } 59 } 60 } 61 }
这里嵌套了几个循环,有点凌乱啊,但是慢慢分析的话,就会发现,其实很清晰。我在注释上面写了,这里就不重复了
我们在看看NetworkDispatcher,看看网络线程是怎么执行的。一样找到run()方法
1 public void run() { 2 Process.setThreadPriority(10); 3 4 while(true) { 5 long startTimeMs; 6 Request request; 7 while(true) { 8 startTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); 9 10 try { 11 request = (Request)this.mQueue.take(); //获取到一个请求 12 break; 13 } catch (InterruptedException var6) { 14 if (this.mQuit) { 15 return; 16 } 17 } 18 } 19 20 try { 21 request.addMarker("network-queue-take"); 22 if (request.isCanceled()) { //如果请求取消了,则将请求finish掉 23 request.finish("network-discard-cancelled"); 24 } else {//进行网络请求 25 this.addTrafficStatsTag(request); 26 NetworkResponse networkResponse = this.mNetwork.performRequest(request); 27 request.addMarker("network-http-complete"); 28 if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) { 29 request.finish("not-modified"); 30 } else { 31 Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse); 32 request.addMarker("network-parse-complete"); 33 if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) { 34 this.mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry); 35 request.addMarker("network-cache-written"); 36 } 37 38 request.markDelivered(); 39 this.mDelivery.postResponse(request, response); 40 } 41 } 42 } catch (VolleyError var7) { 43 var7.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs); 44 this.parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, var7); 45 } catch (Exception var8) { 46 VolleyLog.e(var8, "Unhandled exception %s", new Object[]{var8.toString()}); 47 VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(var8); 48 volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs); 49 this.mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError); 50 } 51 } 52 }
代码比较多,我们直接找到NetworkResponse networkResponse = this.mNetwork.performRequest(request);这句代码,这句代码就是请求网络的代码,最核心的。performRequest是一个接口,我们看看这个
performRequest()方法。Network在最开始说版本判断的时候里面有一句代码Network network = new BasicNetwork((HttpStack)stack); 从这句代码,我们可以知道BasicNetwork才是最终
实现网络请求的类,我们找到performRequest方法
1 public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError { 2 long requestStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); 3 4 while(true) { 5 HttpResponse httpResponse = null; 6 byte[] responseContents = null; 7 Map responseHeaders = Collections.emptyMap(); 8 9 try { 10 Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap(); 11 this.addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry()); 12 httpResponse = this.mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers); 13 StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine(); 14 int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode(); 15 responseHeaders = convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders()); 16 if (statusCode == 304) { 17 Entry entry = request.getCacheEntry(); 18 if (entry == null) { 19 return new NetworkResponse(304, (byte[])null, responseHeaders, true, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart); 20 } 21 22 entry.responseHeaders.putAll(responseHeaders); 23 return new NetworkResponse(304, entry.data, entry.responseHeaders, true, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart); 24 } 25 26 if (statusCode == 301 || statusCode == 302) { 27 String newUrl = (String)responseHeaders.get("Location"); 28 request.setRedirectUrl(newUrl); 29 } 30 31 byte[] responseContents; 32 if (httpResponse.getEntity() != null) { 33 responseContents = this.entityToBytes(httpResponse.getEntity()); 34 } else { 35 responseContents = new byte[0]; 36 } 37 38 long requestLifetime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart; 39 this.logSlowRequests(requestLifetime, request, responseContents, statusLine); 40 if (statusCode >= 200 && statusCode <= 299) { 41 return new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents, responseHeaders, false, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart); 42 } 43 44 throw new IOException(); 45 } catch (SocketTimeoutException var12) { 46 attemptRetryOnException("socket", request, new TimeoutError()); 47 } catch (ConnectTimeoutException var13) { 48 attemptRetryOnException("connection", request, new TimeoutError()); 49 } catch (MalformedURLException var14) { 50 throw new RuntimeException("Bad URL " + request.getUrl(), var14); 51 } catch (IOException var15) { 52 int statusCode = false; 53 NetworkResponse networkResponse = null; 54 if (httpResponse == null) { 55 throw new NoConnectionError(var15); 56 } 57 58 int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); 59 if (statusCode != 301 && statusCode != 302) { 60 VolleyLog.e("Unexpected response code %d for %s", new Object[]{statusCode, request.getUrl()}); 61 } else { 62 VolleyLog.e("Request at %s has been redirected to %s", new Object[]{request.getOriginUrl(), request.getUrl()}); 63 } 64 65 if (responseContents == null) { 66 throw new NetworkError(networkResponse); 67 } 68 69 networkResponse = new NetworkResponse(statusCode, (byte[])responseContents, responseHeaders, false, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart); 70 if (statusCode != 401 && statusCode != 403) { 71 if (statusCode != 301 && statusCode != 302) { 72 throw new ServerError(networkResponse); 73 } 74 75 attemptRetryOnException("redirect", request, new AuthFailureError(networkResponse)); 76 } else { 77 attemptRetryOnException("auth", request, new AuthFailureError(networkResponse)); 78 } 79 } 80 } 81 }
代码比较多,但是大多数代码是判断状态返回码的,不需要理会。我们直接看httpResponse = this.mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);这一句代码,HttpStack这个有没有很熟悉。没有??没关系我在复制一次代码
1 if (stack == null) { 2 if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) { 3 stack = new HurlStack(); 4 } else { 5 stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent)); 6 } 7 }
还是在这个版本判断这里,这里就是HurlStack就是真正的网络请求的类了,网络请求,就是写在这个类里面的。好了,volley整个流程大概就是这样了。现在大家回过头看最初的哪一张图,是不是明了很多。