ansible理解

inventory文件

[cassandra:children]
shcp-01
shcp-06
bjyt-03
[cassandra:vars]
snmp_path=/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf


[shcp-01]
w-tri_db0[1:5].og.shcp.qihoo.net

[shcp-06]
w-tri_db[06:10].og.shcp.qihoo.net ansible_ssh_passwd=123456

[bjyt-03]
w-tri_db[03:07].og.bjtp.qihoo.net ansible_ssh_port=60022

命令行执行

ansible -i cassandra-hosts all -m shell -a "touch /root/test.yxy"  -s --ask-pass --ask-sudo-pass
-s 是使用sudo
--ask-pass  是询问登录密码
--ask-sudo-pass 是询问sudo到指定用户的密码

设置变量

[yangxiaoyi1@w38v inventory]$ ls
cassandra-hosts  group_vars  host_vars
#
[yangxiaoyi1@w38v group_vars]$ ls
shcp-01  shcp-06
#
[yangxiaoyi1@w38v shcp-01]$ ls
login_vars
# 查看组变量
[yangxiaoyi1@w38v shcp-01]$ cat login_vars 
---
sshport: 22
httpport: 80
#执行查看效果
ansible -i cassandra-hosts shcp-01 -m shell -a "echo {{sshport}}"   --ask-pass 

patterns

关于主机名有几种正则表达式

1. 多个组名和主机名可以用:分隔
ansible -i cassandra-hosts shcp-01:shcp06 -m ping
#在shcp-01不再shcp-06
ansible -i cassandra-hosts shcp-01:\!shcp06 -m ping
#既在shcp-01 又在shcp-06
ansible -i cassandra-hosts shcp-01:\&shcp06 -m ping
2. 通配符*的使用
 ansible -i cassandra-hosts w-tri_db*.og.shcp.qihoo.net -m ping
3. 应用正则表达式 以~开头
ansible -i cassandra-hosts ~^b -m ping
4. 逻辑！的应用
ansible -i cassandra-hosts w-tri_db*.og.bjtp.qihoo.net:\!w-tri_db03.og.bjtp.qihoo.net -m ping

模块

1. shell 在目标主机执行shell命令
   1. ansible all -m shell -a "echo hello"
2. copy 模块

#复制文件
ansible all -m copy -a "src=/tmp/1.log dest=/tmp"
#复制文件夹中的内容
ansible tmp -m copy -a "src=/tmp/tmp/ dest=/tmp"
#复制整个文件夹
ansible tmp -m copy -a "src=/tmp/tmp dest=/tmp"

1. file模块

#修改文件权限
ansible tmp -m file -a "dest=/tmp/1.txt owner=yangxiaoyi group=yangxiaoyi mode=600"
#删除目录和文件
ansible tmp -m file -a "dest=/tmp/tmp/1.txt state=absent"
ansible tmp -m file -a "dest=/tmp/tmp/ state=absent"
#创建目录
 ansible tmp -m file -a "dest=/tmp/tmp/ state=directory"
 #创建文件
 ansible tmp -m file -a "dest=/tmp/tmp/file state=touch"

1. yum模块

# 安装包
ansible tmp -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest"
删除包
ansible tmp -m yum -a "name=httpd state=absent"

1. User模块

ansible all -m user -a "name=foo password=<crypted password here>"
#删除用户
ansible tmp -m user -a "name=foo state=absent"

1. git模块

ansible tmp -m git -a "repo=git://foo.example.org/repo.git dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"

1. service模块

#重启服务
ansible tmp -m service -a "name=sshd state=restarted"
value of state must be one of: reloaded, restarted, started, stopped, got: restart

1. 获取facts
   ansible tmp -m setup

ansible配置文件

用户可以修改一下配置文件来修改设置,他们的被读取的顺序如下:

• ANSIBLE_CONFIG (一个环境变量)
• ansible.cfg (位于当前目录中)
• .ansible.cfg (位于家目录中)
• /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg

PlayBook使用

#我们想忽略某一错误,通过执行成功与否来做决定,我们可以像这样:
  tasks:
  - command: /bin/false
    register: result
    ignore_errors: True
  - command: /bin/something
    when: result|failed
  - command: /bin/something_else
    when: result|success
  - command: /bin/still/something_else
    when: result|skipped

今后所有操作都使用playbook，增加熟练度
模拟场景一

1. 两台线上服务器需要部署nginx、php-fpmd、
   一台服务器做Mysql
2. 创建虚拟主机，修改服务配置文件
3. 日志切割，数据库备份，优化配置,系统优化
4. 启动服务

具体可按ansible文件夹中roles内容

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Albert-Yang-2017/p/10737069.html