location的应用
location区段,通过指定模式来与客户端请求的URI相匹配
//功能:允许根据用户请求的URI来匹配定义的各location,匹配到时,此请求将被相应的location配置块中的配置所处理,例如做访问控制等功能
//语法:location [ 修饰符 ] pattern {......}
常用的修饰符
修饰符 | 功能 |
---|---|
= | 精确匹配 |
~ | 正则表达式模式匹配,区分大小写 |
~* | 正则表达式模式匹配,不区分大小写 |
^~ | 前缀匹配,类似于无修饰符的行为,也是以指定模块开始,不同的是,如果模式匹配,那么就停止搜索其他模式了,不支持正则表达式 |
@ | 定义命名location区段,这些区段客户端不能访问,只可以由内部产生的请求来访问,如try_files或error_page等 |
没有修饰符表示必须以指定模式开始,如:
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /abc {
echo "abc";
}
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# nginx -s reload
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcde
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc/s
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc\a\=11\b\=22
abc
=:表示必须与指定的模式精确匹配,且优先级最高 ,如:
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /abc {
echo "abc";
}
location = /abcd {
echo "abcd"
}
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# nginx -s reload
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcd
abcd
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcde
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc?p1=11p2=22
abc
~:表示指定的正则表达式要区分大小写,如:
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /abc {
echo "abc";
}
location ~ ^/abc$ {
echo "abcde";
}
location = /abcd {
echo "abcd";
}
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# nginx -s reload
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc?p1=11p2=22
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc
abcde
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcd
abcd
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcde
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc?p1=11p2=22
abcde
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abC
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
#说明正则表达式的优先级比没有修饰符的更高,而且要区分大小写
~*:表示指定的正则表达式不区分大小写,如:
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location /abc {
echo "abc";
}
location ~* ^/abc$ {
echo "abcde";
}
location = /abcd {
echo "abcd";
}
[root@czh nginx-1.20.1]# nginx -s reload
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abC
abcde
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abc?p1=11p2=22
abcde
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcd
abcd
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/abcde
abc
C:\Users\86155>curl http://192.168.31.140/ABC
abcde
查找顺序和优先级:由高到底依次为
1.带有=的精确匹配优先
2.正则表达式按照他们在配置文件中定义的顺序
3.带有^~修饰符的,开头匹配
4.带有~或~*修饰符的,如果正则表达式与URI匹配
5.没有修饰符的精确匹配
优先级次序如下:
( location = 路径 ) --> ( location ^~ 路径 ) --> ( location ~ 正则 ) --> (location ~* 正则 ) --> ( location 路径 )