这一篇讲以下三个知识点：
1.@RequestMapping——请求映射注解
2.@RequestParam——请求参数
3.ModelAndView——返回模型和视图
4.SpringMVC——属性自动封装
5.SpringMVC——POST请求乱码解决
6.Controller——内部转发与重定向
示例：（学生信息的查询、添加、修改，删除）——为了方便就不链接数据库直接在类中模拟了一些数据
1.配置springMVC的web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>SpringMVC2</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- 同struts一样，也是需要拦截请求 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!-- 拦截所有以.do结尾的请求 --> </servlet-mapping> <!-- spring的编码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value><!-- 改成utf-8 --> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!-- 对所有的.do请求进行过滤 --> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
2.配置spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 使用注解的包，包括子集 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.maya"/> <!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/" /><!-- 返回视图到这个目录下 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean> </beans>
3.建立model层，实体类student
package com.maya.model; public class Student { private int id; private String name; private int age; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public Student(int id, String name, int age) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } //空参构造函数一定要加上，不然再SpringMVC进行自动封装时会报init<>异常 public Student() { super(); } }
4.建立controller层，StudentController类
package com.maya.controller; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;//是web.servlet.ModelAndView!!!不要选错 import com.maya.model.Student; @Controller//声明这是控制层 @RequestMapping("/student")//为了区分模块，在请求时通常会在模块前加一个前缀 public class StrudentController { private static List<Student> studentList=new ArrayList<Student>(); static{//模拟数据 studentList.add(new Student(1, "张三", 11)); studentList.add(new Student(2, "李四", 12)); studentList.add(new Student(3, "王五", 13)); } @RequestMapping("/list")//定义请求的名字 public ModelAndView list(){//ModelAndView返回模型和视图 ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(); mav.addObject("studentList", studentList); mav.setViewName("student/list");//设置视图的名，student文件名下的list.jsp return mav; } @RequestMapping("/preSave") //required默认是true！ 与value同时出现 public ModelAndView preSave(@RequestParam(value="id",required=false) String id){ //接收前台参数id，因为添加修改都用这一个请求，那么required应设为false，后面定义接收参数的类型 ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(); if(id==null){//如果没有接收到参数，说明是添加 mav.setViewName("student/add");//设置视图的名，student文件名下的add.jsp }else{//否则就是修改了 mav.addObject("student", studentList.get(Integer.parseInt(id)-1)); mav.setViewName("student/update");//设置视图的名，student文件名下的update.jsp } return mav; } @RequestMapping("/saveOrUdate") public String save(Student student){//进行添加或者修改 if(student.getId()!=0){//根据id判断 Student s=studentList.get(student.getId()-1); s.setName(student.getName()); s.setAge(student.getAge()); }else{ studentList.add(student); } return "redirect:/student/list.do";//重定向 } @RequestMapping("/delete") public String delete(@RequestParam("id") int id){//这样就可以将String id强制转换成int id了 studentList.remove(id-1); //return "redirect:/student/list.do";//当然除了重定向之外，还有转发(如下) return "forward:/student/list.do"; } }
5.建立view视图层，因为设定了在jsp文件夹下的student文件下！所以要相应的建立正确的路径
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>list.jsp</title> </head> <body> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/preSave.do">添加</a> <table> <tr> <th>编号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> <c:forEach var="list" items="${studentList }"> <tr> <td>${list.id }</td> <td>${list.name }</td> <td>${list.age }</td> <td><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/preSave.do?id=${list.id }">修改</a></td> <td><a href="delete.do?id=${list.id }">删除</a></td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> </body> </html>
<body> 添加 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/student/saveOrUdate.do" method="post"> 姓名：<input type="text" name="name" /><!-- 进行自动封装，那么name属性的值一定要对应实体类中的属性 --> 年龄：<input type="text" name="age" /> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body>
<body> 修改 <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/student/saveOrUdate.do" method="post"> 姓名：<input type="text" name="name" value="${student.name }" /> 年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="${student.age }" /> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="${student.id }" /> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body>
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