Spring JdbcTemplate

一、什么是 JdbcTemplate

Spring 框架对 JDBC 进行了封装,使用 JdbcTemplate 方便实现对数据库的操作。

二、准备工作

2.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>sping-aop</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <name>sping-aop</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>net.sourceforge.cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>com.springsource.net.sf.cglib</artifactId>
      <version>2.2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
      <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.26</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

2.2 Spring 配置文件相关配置

(1)开启组件扫描

(2)配置数据库连接池

(3)配置 JdbcTemplate 对象,注入 DataSource

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--开启组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="aop"></context:component-scan>

    <!--数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?serverTimezone=GMT&amp;useSSL=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"></property>
        <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--JdbcTemplate 对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <!--注入dataSource-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

三、JdbcTemplate 的具体使用

3.1 增删改查

调用 JdbcTemplate 对象里面的 update 方法实现增删改操作

update(String sql, Object...args)

有两个参数

  • 第一个参数:SQL 语句
  • 第二个参数:可变参数,设置 SQL 语句值

1、插入操作

package com.example.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;


@Repository
public class UserDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void save(){
        String sql = "insert into user (name, password) values ('zhangsan', '123')";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
    }

    public void save2(){
        String sql = "insert into user (name, password) values (?, ?)";
        Object[] args = {"lisi","123456"};
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, args);
        System.out.println(update);

    }
}

测试方法:

package com.example.dao;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestJdbcTemplate {

    @Test
    public void test(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
        UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
        dao.save();
    }


    @Test
    public void test2(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
        UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
        dao.save2();
    }

}

两种新增操作均可以实现
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-gSUt4Oab-1646319540924)(/Users/liquanpeng/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20220303224519104.png)]

2、更新操作

dao:

public void update(){
    String sql = "update user set name = ? where id = ?";
    Object[] args = {"wangwu", 1};
    jdbcTemplate.update(sql, args);
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void test3(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    dao.update();
}

结果:
在这里插入图片描述

3、删除操作

dao:

public void delete(){
    String sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
    jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 3);
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void test4(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    dao.delete();
}

结果:
在这里插入图片描述

4、查询

queryForObject(String sql, Class<T> requiredType)

有两个参数:

  • 第一个参数:SQL 语句
  • 第二个参数:返回类型 Class
4.1 查询表中有多少条记录,返回某个值或者查询某个字段值

dao:

public int selectCount(){
    String sql = "select count(*) from user";
    Integer count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class);
    return count;
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void test5(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    int count = dao.selectCount();
    System.out.println(count);
}
4.2 查询返回对象

JdbcTemplate 实现查询返回对象

queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, object...args)

有三个参数:

  • 第一个参数:SQL 语句
  • 第二个参数:RowMapper 是接口,针对返回不同类型的数据,使用这个接口里面实现类完成数据封装
  • 第三个参数:SQL 语句值

User

package com.example.dao;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String password;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

dao:

public User queryUserById(){
        String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
        User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), 4);
        return user;
}

测试方法:

@Test
public void test6(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    User user = dao.queryUserById();
    System.out.println(user);
}

测试结果:

User{id=4, name='lisi', password='123456'}
4.3 查询返回集合

调用 JdbcTemplate 方法实现查询返回集合

query(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, object...args)

有三个参数:

  • 第一个参数:SQL 语句
  • 第二个参数:RowMapper 是接口,针对返回不同类型的数据,使用这个接口里面实现类完成数据封装
  • 第三个参数:SQL 语句值

dao:

public List<User> queryUserList(){
    String sql = "select * from user";
    List<User> userList = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class));
    return userList;
}

测试方法:

@Test
public void test7(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    List<User> list = dao.queryUserList();
    for (User user: list) {
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

输出结果:

User{id=1, name='wangwu', password='123'}
User{id=2, name='zhangsan', password='123'}
User{id=4, name='lisi', password='123456'}

3.2 批量操作

1、批量添加

batchUpdate(String sql, List<Object> batchArgs)

有两个参数:

  • 第一个参数:SQL 语句
  • 第二个参数:List 集合,添加多条记录数据

dao:

// 批量添加
public void batchAddUser(List<Object[]> batchArgs){
     String sql = "insert into user (name, password) values (?, ?)";
     int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
     System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
 }

测试代码:

@Test
public void test8(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
    Object[] user1 = {"chenliu", "456"};
    Object[] user2 = {"maqi", "456444"};
    Object[] user3 = {"zhaojiu", "45678"};
    batchArgs.add(user1);
    batchArgs.add(user2);
    batchArgs.add(user3);
    dao.batchAddUser(batchArgs);
}

测试结果:

[1, 1, 1]

在这里插入图片描述

2、批量修改

dao:

public void batchUpdateUser(List<Object[]> batchArgs){
    String sql = "update user set name = ? where id = ?";
    int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
}

测试代码:

 @Test
public void test9(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
    Object[] user1 = {"zhangzhang", "5"};
    Object[] user2 = {"mama", "6"};
    Object[] user3 = {"lili", "7"};
    batchArgs.add(user1);
    batchArgs.add(user2);
    batchArgs.add(user3);
    dao.batchUpdateUser(batchArgs);
}

测试结果:

[1, 1, 1]

在这里插入图片描述

3、批量删除

dao:

public void batchDeleteUser(List<Object[]> batchArgs){
    String sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
    int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
}

测试方法:

@Test
public void test10(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-aop.xml");
    UserDao dao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");
    List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
    Object[] user1 = {"5"};
    Object[] user2 = {"6"};
    Object[] user3 = {"7"};
    batchArgs.add(user1);
    batchArgs.add(user2);
    batchArgs.add(user3);
    dao.batchDeleteUser(batchArgs);
}

测试结果:

[1, 1, 1]

在这里插入图片描述

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