raceback模块
traceback模块被用来跟踪异常返回信息. 如下例所示:
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import
traceback
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
"traceback test"
except
:
traceback.print_exc()
|
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Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"H:PythonWorkSpaceTestsrcTracebackTest.py"
, line
3
,
in
<module>
raise
SyntaxError,
"traceback test"
SyntaxError: traceback test
|
类似在你没有捕获异常时候, 解释器所返回的结果.
你也可以传入一个文件, 把返回信息写到文件中去, 如下:
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import
traceback
import
StringIO
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
"traceback test"
except
:
fp
=
StringIO.StringIO()
#创建内存文件对象
traceback.print_exc(
file
=
fp)
message
=
fp.getvalue()
print
message
|
常用方法及其区别
正文测试过程
#sys.exc_info()
返回 (type, value, traceback). type为异常类型, value为异常的参数(通常为异常错误的信息), traceback为跟踪回溯的对象.
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
print "*** print sys.exc_info:"
print 'exc_type is: %s, exc_value is: %s, exc_traceback is: %s' % (exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback)
输出:
*** print sys.exc_info:
exc_type is: <type 'exceptions.IndexError'>, exc_value is: tuple index out of range, exc_traceback is: <traceback object at 0x7fee3b00eb48>
traceback.print_tb(traceback[, limit[, file]])
打印栈的跟踪信息. 如果省略limit, 将打印所有跟踪入口信息. file默认为std.err.
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:
traceback.print_tb(e, limit
=
1
,
file
=
sys.stdout)
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
错误信息
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Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"D:/MH_code/test_flask_project/app/traceback.py"
, line
14
,
in
<module>
traceback_test()
File
"D:/MH_code/test_flask_project/app/traceback.py"
, line
11
,
in
traceback_test
traceback.print_tb(e, limit
=
1
,
file
=
sys.stdout)
File
"C:\Python27\lib\traceback.py"
, line
61
,
in
print_tb
f
=
tb.tb_frame
AttributeError:
'exceptions.SyntaxError'
object
has no attribute
'tb_frame'
|
traceback.print_exception(type, value, traceback[, limit[, file]])
打印异常信息. (type, value, traceback)为sys.exc_info()返回的元组.和print_tb不同的是:
- 如果traceback不为空, 打印栈头信息(即最近被调用的信息).
- 在栈的信息后打印异常类型和参数.
- 如果是语法错误, 会打印对应的代码行数, 用”^”指明语法错误的位置.
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:<br> exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
=
sys.exc_info()
traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, limit
=
2
,
file
=
sys.stdout)
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
错误信息
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None
(用的
2.7
,打印的什么玩意没细究)
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traceback.print_exc([limit[, file]])
print_exception(sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback, limit, file)的简写
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:
traceback.print_exc()
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
错误信息
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Traceback (most recent call last):
File
"D:/MH_code/test_flask_project/app/traceback.py"
, line
11
,
in
traceback_test
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
SyntaxError: traceback_test
|
traceback.format_exc([limit])
类似于print_exc(limit), 但是返回字符串而不是输出到file.
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:
formatted_lines
=
traceback.format_exc().splitlines()
print
formatted_lines[
0
]
print
formatted_lines[
-
1
]
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
错误信息
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Traceback (most recent call last):
SyntaxError: traceback_test
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traceback.format_exception(type, value, tb[, limit])
格式化栈信息和异常信息. 返回一个列表, 包括代码文件和代码行, 以及异常信息.
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:<br> exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
=
sys.exc_info()
print
repr
(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback))
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
错误信息
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[
'None\n'
]
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traceback.extract_tb(traceback[, limit])
返回一个跟踪对象(traceback)的元组列表. 元组内容为(filename, line number, function name, text).
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback
=
sys.exc_info()
print
repr
(traceback.extract_tb(exc_traceback))
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
错误信息
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[(
'D:/MH_code/test_flask_project/app/traceback.py'
,
11
,
'traceback_test'
,
"raise SyntaxError, 'traceback_test'"
)]
|
traceback.extract_stack([f[, limit]])
返回当前栈帧的原始跟踪(traceback)对象的信息, 格式和extract_tb一样, 元组内容为(filename, line number, function name, text).
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import
traceback
import
sys
def
traceback_test():
try
:
raise
SyntaxError,
'traceback_test'
except
Exception as e:
print
traceback.extract_stack()
if
__name__
=
=
'__main__'
:
traceback_test()
|
输出
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[(
'D:/MH_code/test_flask_project/app/traceback.py'
,
22
,
'<module>'
,
'traceback_test()'
),
(
'D:/MH_code/test_flask_project/app/traceback.py'
,
20
,
'traceback_test'
, '
print
traceback.extract_stack()')]
|
traceback.format_list(list)
按照list对应的项, 返回一个元组列表, 形式为同extract_tb()或者extract_stack()返回的一样. 元组内容为(filename, line number, function name, text)
将extract_tb()或者extract_stack()返回的list进行格式化.
traceback.format_tb(tb[, limit])
format_list(extract_tb(tb, limit))的简写.
traceback.format_stack([f[, limit]])
format_list(extract_stack(f, limit))的简写
traceback.tb_lineno(tb)
返回traceback对象设置的行数
参考:http://ydoing.iteye.com/blog/2248238
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/handsomekang/article/details/9373035