30、数据备份和性能管理

1、数据备份
命令行实用程序mysqldump
数据的导入和导出：
命令行实用程序mysqlhotcopy

2、性能改善
索引index
利用操作系统的参数提高数据库的访问性能

mysql> explain select * from customers2 where cust_id = 10005;
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table      | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | customers2 | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 |   100.00 | Using where |
+----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)

mysql> explain select * from customers where cust_id = 10005;
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table     | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref   | rows | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | customers | NULL       | const | PRIMARY,aa    | PRIMARY | 4       | const |    1 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+-----------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)