Docker常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-14 02:04:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-14 02:04:25 发布

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分类专栏： Linux学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dingtianliang/article/details/115149123

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帮助命令

docker  version : 显示docker的版本信息
docker  info :显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker  --help : 帮助命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images：查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB

解释：
REPOSITORY ：镜像的仓库源
TAG ：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID : 镜像的id
CREATED : 镜像的创建时间
SIZE ：镜像的大小

#可选项：
  -a, --all             列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet           只显示镜像的ID

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10647     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3995      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   779                  [OK]


#可选项，通过收藏来过滤：
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output

#测试：stars星大于10000的docker
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker search mysql --filter=stars=10000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10647     [OK]

docker pull下载镜像

#下载镜像：docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest  #--如果不写tag版本号，默认是lastest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete    #分层下载 ，docker images的核心，联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete 
88a9455a9165: Pull complete 
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete 
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete 
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete 
43a5816f1617: Pull complete 
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete 
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete 
80539cea118d: Pull complete 
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete 
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c  #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest    #真实地址

#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载 
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists 
f6c208f3f991: Already exists 
88a9455a9165: Already exists 
406c9b8427c6: Already exists 
7c88599c0b25: Already exists 
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists 
43a5816f1617: Already exists 
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete 
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete 
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete 
7227baa8c445: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker rmi -f a70d36bc331a   #通过id删除
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Deleted: sha256:a70d36bc331a13d297f882d3d63137d24b804f29fa67158c40ad91d5050c39c5
Deleted: sha256:50c77bf7bcddd1f1d97789d80ac2404eec22c860c104e858620d2a2e321f0ef7
Deleted: sha256:14244329b83dfc8982398ee4104a548385652d2bffb957798ff86a419013efd6
Deleted: sha256:6d990477f90af28473eb601a9bca22253f6381e053c5a8edda0a4f027e124a3c
Deleted: sha256:ee0449796df204071589162fc16f8d65586312a40c68d1ba156c93c56f5e5ce8


[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器尖   #删除多个容器

删除所有容器：docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

容器命令

说明：我们有我镜像才能创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

1：新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image名称

#可选参数说明
--name="Name"   容器名称 tomcat1,tomcat2，用来区分容器
-d              后台方式运行，和之前jar包的nohup一样
-it             使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p              指定容器的端口   -p 8080:8080
        -p ip 主机端口:容器端口
        -p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
        -p 容器端口
-P              随机指定端口



#测试  启动并进入容器
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@1398f3197722 /]# ls   #查看容器内的centos,基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var


#从容器中退出主机
[root@1398f3197722 /]# exit 
exit
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  install.sh  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  patch  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  utput  var  www
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]#

2：列出所有的运行的容器

docker ps 命令
     #列出所有正在运行的容器
-a   #列出所有正在运行的容器，带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
1398f3197722   centos         "/bin/bash"              8 minutes ago    Exited (0) 5 minutes ago              hungry_engelbart
95f51b763479   hello-world    "/hello"                 17 minutes ago   Exited (0) 17 minutes ago             objective_cerf
ef17fda2e317   hello-world    "/hello"                 8 hours ago      Exited (0) 8 hours ago                affectionate_dijkstra
9e607f559c24   c8562eaf9d81   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   8 hours ago      Exited (1) 8 hours ago                heuristic_bouman
7a597c24254c   hello-world    "/hello"                 8 hours ago      Exited (0) 8 hours ago                heuristic_montalcini
44e4c2de20ea   hello-world    "/hello"                 23 hours ago     Exited (0) 23 hours ago               adoring_elion
08b69a12c58d   hello-world    "/hello"                 24 hours ago     Exited (0) 24 hours ago               admiring_swartz
8f7ab343b3c1   hello-world    "/hello"                 24 hours ago     Exited (0) 24 hours ago               serene_moore
ea6cf1cd57c7   hello-world    "/hello"                 24 hours ago     Exited (0) 24 hours ago               dazzling_mccarthy
1f3f84b6f9ef   hello-world    "/hello"                 24 hours ago     Exited (0) 24 hours ago               blissful_meninsky
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
1398f3197722   centos    "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (0) 7 minutes ago             hungry_engelbart
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps -n=2
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
1398f3197722   centos        "/bin/bash"   10 minutes ago   Exited (0) 7 minutes ago              hungry_engelbart
95f51b763479   hello-world   "/hello"      19 minutes ago   Exited (0) 19 minutes ago             objective_cerf

#只显示容器编号
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps -aq
1398f3197722
95f51b763479

3：退出容器

exit ：直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q  :容器不停止退出
[root@d84bc66398c7 /]# [root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
d84bc66398c7   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             wizardly_mcnulty

4：删除窗口

docker rm 容器id                           #删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制执行则需要  -rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)              #删除所有容器 

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker rm d84bc66398c7
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container d84bc66398c77b6301600c23642647f1e6325191393984faf1638d04d265ec6b. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

5：启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id           #启动容器
docker restart 容器id         #重启容器
docker stop 容器id            #停止当前正在运行容器
docker kill 窗口id            #强制当前容器

常用的其它命令

1：后台启动命令

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名称
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker run -d centos
69da0aa597b5280339fef7327af456d81ad3372097f13d476f6651ca6dcfd3a0

#问题
docker ps发现centos停止了！

#常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
#nginx,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

2：查看日志

#命令  docker logs
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器没有日志，

-tf                    #显示日志
--tail number          #显示日志条件
#自己自作日志，往日志文件中添加字符串
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo tianliangstudyJAVA;sleep 1;done"
87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
87fa8f798eb0   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             affectionate_meitner

[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 87fa8f798eb0
2021-03-24T15:28:50.362361331Z tianliangstudyJAVA
2021-03-24T15:28:51.364234288Z tianliangstudyJAVA
2021-03-24T15:28:52.365723420Z tianliangstudyJAVA
2021-03-24T15:28:53.367327470Z tianliangstudyJAVA

3：查看容器中的进程信息

#命令 docker top 容器id
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker top 87fa8f798eb0
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                21769               21749               0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo tianliangstudyJAVA;sleep 1;done
root                22009               21769               0                   23:33               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

4：查询镜像元数据

#命令 docker inspect 镜像id
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker inspect 87fa8f798eb0
[
    {
        "Id": "87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0",
        "Created": "2021-03-24T15:27:18.826637796Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo tianliangstudyJAVA;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 137,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-03-24T15:32:41.026984536Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-03-24T15:40:48.980159491Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/www/server/docker/containers/87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/www/server/docker/containers/87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/www/server/docker/containers/87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/www/server/docker/containers/87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0/87fa8f798eb0874d9dfa4b9f6bbd476726ce5452ab3e57256c391d368adcd3e0-json.log",
        "Name": "/affectionate_meitner",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/www/server/docker/overlay2/b59fbe9a1a7594a29b9d03c613559a8a0bbb32a8791688ed2e0b4b6697300ed0-init/diff:/www/server/docker/overlay2/e63e90479dbcefd2846b72f2ddf631156dae724a62c7fb71f3962538446ccab4/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/www/server/docker/overlay2/b59fbe9a1a7594a29b9d03c613559a8a0bbb32a8791688ed2e0b4b6697300ed0/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/www/server/docker/overlay2/b59fbe9a1a7594a29b9d03c613559a8a0bbb32a8791688ed2e0b4b6697300ed0/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/www/server/docker/overlay2/b59fbe9a1a7594a29b9d03c613559a8a0bbb32a8791688ed2e0b4b6697300ed0/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "87fa8f798eb0",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo tianliangstudyJAVA;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "76f44e74e2832067cd59785f05a8833e399eb0ad8934def246ec186341c45ed0",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/76f44e74e283",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "125dd89881434bbadbd088cd44c0a2b1211c412aa2195157959649f39a55b3bb",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

5：进入当前正在运行的容器

方式1：
#命令 docker exec -it  容器id bashShell
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker exec -it 87fa8f798eb0 /bin/bash
[root@87fa8f798eb0 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@87fa8f798eb0 /]# ps -a
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
   50 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
[root@87fa8f798eb0 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 15:48 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo tianliangstudyJAVA;sleep 1;done
root        27     0  1 15:48 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        55     1  0 15:48 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root        56    27  0 15:48 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@87fa8f798eb0 /]# 

方式2：
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker attch 容器id
正在执行的代码段


#比较两种方式
# docker exec      #进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面进行操作（常用） 
# docker attach    #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

6：从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

#命令：
docker cy 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机的路径

#查看容器镜像
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
1ce52d23eb83   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             vibrant_williamson
#进入容器
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker attach 1ce52d23eb83
[root@1ce52d23eb83 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@1ce52d23eb83 /]# cd /home
[root@1ce52d23eb83 home]# ls
#创建文件
[root@1ce52d23eb83 home]# touch test.java
[root@1ce52d23eb83 home]# ls
test.java
#退出
[root@1ce52d23eb83 home]# exit
#拷贝文件
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker cp 1ce52d23eb83:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# cd /home/
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ home]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.64  java  test.java  www
[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ home]#

#拷贝是一个手动过程，进来我们使用-v卷的技术实现两个同步

天亮1314

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Docker常用命令

帮助命令docker version : 显示docker的版本信息docker info :显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量docker --help : 帮助命令帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/镜像命令 docker images：查看所有本地的主机上的镜像[root@iZwz9i83ilnxawo1sbsvutZ /]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG ...
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