opencv各种小例子

图像腐蚀

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>//OpenCV highgui 模块头文件 ~
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//OpenCV 图像处理头文件 
using namespace cv; // 包含 cv 命名空间
int main() //控制台应用程序的入 口 函数,我们的程序从这里开始
{
Mat srclmage = imread("G:\\QQ图片20190428194331.jpg"); 
imshow("[ 原图 ] ",srclmage);
//进行腐蚀操作 
Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(15, 15));//getStructuringElement函数的返回值为指定形状和尺寸的结构元素(内核矩阵〉
Mat dstlmage;
erode(srclmage, dstlmage, element);
//显示效果图 
imshow ("[ 效果图 ] ", dstlmage); 
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

图像模糊

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>//OpenCV highgui 模块头文件 ~
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//OpenCV 图像处理头文件 
using namespace cv; // 包含 cv 命名空间
int main() //控制台应用程序的入 口 函数,我们的程序从这里开始
{
Mat srclmage = imread("G:\\QQ图片20190428194331.jpg"); 
imshow("[ 原图 ] ",srclmage);
//进行均值滤波操作
Mat dstlmage;
blur(srclmage, dstlmage, Size(7, 7));
imshow ("[ 效果图 ] ", dstlmage); 
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

canny边缘检测

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>//OpenCV 图像处理头文件 
using namespace cv; // 包含 cv 命名空间
int main() //控制台应用程序的入 口 函数,我们的程序从这里开始
{
Mat srcImage = imread("G:\\QQ图片20190428194331.jpg"); 
imshow("[ 原图 ] ",srcImage);
Mat dstImage, edge, grayImage;
//创建与src同类型和大小的矩阵(dst)
dstImage.create(srcImage.size(), srcImage.type());
//将原图像转换为灰度图像,Opencv2
cvtColor(srcImage, grayImage, CV_BGR2GRAY);
/*Opencv3
cvtColor(srcImage,grayImage,COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
*/
//先使用3x3内核来降噪
blur(grayImage, edge, Size(3, 3));
//运行Canny算子
Canny(edge, edge, 3, 9, 3);
//显示
imshow ("[ 效果图 ] ", edge); 
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

1589120-20190708160046031-624065508.png

读取视频

#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
    //读入视频
    VideoCapture capture("G:\\视觉资料\\【OpenCV3版】《OpenCV3编程入门》书本配套源代码\\【1】书本正篇程序源代码\\【1】第一章\\【6】播放视频\\6_播放视频\\1.avi ");
        //循环显示每一帧
        while(1)
    {
        Mat frame;//定义一个Mat变量,用于储存每一帧的图像
        capture >> frame;//读取当前帧
        imshow("读取视频",frame);//显示当前帧
        waitKey(30);//延时30ms

    }
    return 0;
}

canny从摄像头得到的视频

#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
    
    VideoCapture capture(0);
    Mat edges;
        //循环显示每一帧
        while(1)
    {
        Mat frame;//定义一个Mat变量,用于储存每一帧的图像
        capture >> frame;//读取当前帧
        cvtColor(frame, edges, CV_BGR2GRAY);
        blur(edges, edges, Size(7, 7));
        Canny(edges, edges, 0, 30, 3);
        imshow("canny后的视频",edges);//显示当前帧
        if(waitKey(30)>=0)break;//延时30ms

    }
    return 0;
}

2.1.1 彩色目标跟踪:Camshift

注意:本代码仅供学习交流所用,所有权归《OpenCV3编程入门》OpenCV3版书,请勿商用

#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;



//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明】-----------------------------------------
//      描述:声明全局变量
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat image;
bool backprojMode = false;
bool selectObject = false;
int trackObject = 0;
bool showHist = true;
Point origin;
Rect selection;
int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;


//--------------------------------【onMouse( )回调函数】------------------------------------
//      描述:鼠标操作回调
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void onMouse(int event, int x, int y, int, void*)
{
    if (selectObject)
    {
        selection.x = MIN(x, origin.x);
        selection.y = MIN(y, origin.y);
        selection.width = std::abs(x - origin.x);
        selection.height = std::abs(y - origin.y);

        selection &= Rect(0, 0, image.cols, image.rows);
    }

    switch (event)
    {
        //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
        //case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
        //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
    case EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
        origin = Point(x, y);
        selection = Rect(x, y, 0, 0);
        selectObject = true;
        break;
        //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
        //case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
        //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
    case EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
        selectObject = false;
        if (selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0)
            trackObject = -1;
        break;
    }
}

//--------------------------------【help( )函数】----------------------------------------------
//      描述:输出帮助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText()
{
    cout << "\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书!\n"
        << "\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第8个配套示例程序\n"
        << "\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为:" << CV_VERSION
        << "\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------";

    cout << "\n\n\t此Demo显示了基于均值漂移的追踪(tracking)技术\n"
        "\t请用鼠标框选一个有颜色的物体,对它进行追踪操作\n";

    cout << "\n\n\t操作说明: \n"
        "\t\t用鼠标框选对象来初始化跟踪\n"
        "\t\tESC - 退出程序\n"
        "\t\tc - 停止追踪\n"
        "\t\tb - 开/关-投影视图\n"
        "\t\th - 显示/隐藏-对象直方图\n"
        "\t\tp - 暂停视频\n";
}

const char* keys =
{
    "{1|  | 0 | camera number}"
};


//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//      描述:控制台应用程序的入口函数,我们的程序从这里开始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, const char** argv)
{
    ShowHelpText();

    VideoCapture cap;
    Rect trackWindow;
    int hsize = 16;
    float hranges[] = { 0,180 };
    const float* phranges = hranges;

    cap.open(0);

    if (!cap.isOpened())
    {
        cout << "不能初始化摄像头\n";
    }

    namedWindow("Histogram", 0);
    namedWindow("CamShift Demo", 0);
    setMouseCallback("CamShift Demo", onMouse, 0);
    createTrackbar("Vmin", "CamShift Demo", &vmin, 256, 0);
    createTrackbar("Vmax", "CamShift Demo", &vmax, 256, 0);
    createTrackbar("Smin", "CamShift Demo", &smin, 256, 0);

    Mat frame, hsv, hue, mask, hist, histimg = Mat::zeros(200, 320, CV_8UC3), backproj;
    bool paused = false;

    for (;;)
    {
        if (!paused)
        {
            cap >> frame;
            if (frame.empty())
                break;
        }

        frame.copyTo(image);

        if (!paused)
        {
            cvtColor(image, hsv, COLOR_BGR2HSV);

            if (trackObject)
            {
                int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;

                inRange(hsv, Scalar(0, smin, MIN(_vmin, _vmax)),
                    Scalar(180, 256, MAX(_vmin, _vmax)), mask);
                int ch[] = { 0, 0 };
                hue.create(hsv.size(), hsv.depth());
                mixChannels(&hsv, 1, &hue, 1, ch, 1);

                if (trackObject < 0)
                {
                    Mat roi(hue, selection), maskroi(mask, selection);
                    calcHist(&roi, 1, 0, maskroi, hist, 1, &hsize, &phranges);
                    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
                    normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);
                    //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
                    //normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, CV_MINMAX);

                    trackWindow = selection;
                    trackObject = 1;

                    histimg = Scalar::all(0);
                    int binW = histimg.cols / hsize;
                    Mat buf(1, hsize, CV_8UC3);
                    for (int i = 0; i < hsize; i++)
                        buf.at<Vec3b>(i) = Vec3b(saturate_cast<uchar>(i*180. / hsize), 255, 255);

                    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
                    cvtColor(buf, buf, COLOR_HSV2BGR);
                    //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
                    //cvtColor(buf, buf, CV_HSV2BGR);

                    for (int i = 0; i < hsize; i++)
                    {
                        int val = saturate_cast<int>(hist.at<float>(i)*histimg.rows / 255);
                        rectangle(histimg, Point(i*binW, histimg.rows),
                            Point((i + 1)*binW, histimg.rows - val),
                            Scalar(buf.at<Vec3b>(i)), -1, 8);
                    }
                }

                calcBackProject(&hue, 1, 0, hist, backproj, &phranges);
                backproj &= mask;
                RotatedRect trackBox = CamShift(backproj, trackWindow,

                    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
                    TermCriteria(TermCriteria::EPS | TermCriteria::COUNT, 10, 1));
                //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
                //TermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ));

                if (trackWindow.area() <= 1)
                {
                    int cols = backproj.cols, rows = backproj.rows, r = (MIN(cols, rows) + 5) / 6;
                    trackWindow = Rect(trackWindow.x - r, trackWindow.y - r,
                        trackWindow.x + r, trackWindow.y + r) &
                        Rect(0, 0, cols, rows);
                }

                if (backprojMode)
                    cvtColor(backproj, image, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);

                //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
                ellipse(image, trackBox, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3, LINE_AA);
                //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
                //ellipse( image, trackBox, Scalar(0,0,255), 3, CV_AA );

            }
        }
        else if (trackObject < 0)
            paused = false;

        if (selectObject && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0)
        {
            Mat roi(image, selection);
            bitwise_not(roi, roi);
        }

        imshow("CamShift Demo", image);
        imshow("Histogram", histimg);

        char c = (char)waitKey(10);
        if (c == 27)
            break;
        switch (c)
        {
        case 'b':
            backprojMode = !backprojMode;
            break;
        case 'c':
            trackObject = 0;
            histimg = Scalar::all(0);
            break;
        case 'h':
            showHist = !showHist;
            if (!showHist)
                destroyWindow("Histogram");
            else
                namedWindow("Histogram", 1);
            break;
        case 'p':
            paused = !paused;
            break;
        default:
            ;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

9_用光流法进行运动目标检测

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
//      描述:包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <opencv2/video/video.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;





//-----------------------------------【全局函数声明】-----------------------------------------
//      描述:声明全局函数
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void tracking(Mat &frame, Mat &output);
bool addNewPoints();
bool acceptTrackedPoint(int i);

//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明】-----------------------------------------
//      描述:声明全局变量
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
string window_name = "optical flow tracking";
Mat gray;   // 当前图片
Mat gray_prev;  // 预测图片
vector<Point2f> points[2];  // point0为特征点的原来位置,point1为特征点的新位置
vector<Point2f> initial;    // 初始化跟踪点的位置
vector<Point2f> features;   // 检测的特征
int maxCount = 500; // 检测的最大特征数
double qLevel = 0.01;   // 特征检测的等级
double minDist = 10.0;  // 两特征点之间的最小距离
vector<uchar> status;   // 跟踪特征的状态,特征的流发现为1,否则为0
vector<float> err;


//--------------------------------【help( )函数】----------------------------------------------
//      描述:输出帮助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void help()
{
    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
    cout <<"\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书!\n"
        <<"\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第9个配套示例程序\n"
        <<  "\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为:" << CV_VERSION 
        <<"\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------" ;
}


//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//      描述:控制台应用程序的入口函数,我们的程序从这里开始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{

    Mat frame;
    Mat result;

    VideoCapture capture("1.avi");

    help();
    if(capture.isOpened())  // 摄像头读取文件开关
    {
        while(true)
        {
            capture >> frame;

            if(!frame.empty())
            { 
                tracking(frame, result);
            }
            else
            { 
                printf(" --(!) No captured frame -- Break!");
                break;
            }

            int c = waitKey(50);
            if( (char)c == 27 )
            {
                break; 
            } 
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// function: tracking
// brief: 跟踪
// parameter: frame 输入的视频帧
//            output 有跟踪结果的视频帧
// return: void
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void tracking(Mat &frame, Mat &output)
{

    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
    cvtColor(frame, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
    //cvtColor(frame, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY);

    frame.copyTo(output);

    // 添加特征点
    if (addNewPoints())
    {
        goodFeaturesToTrack(gray, features, maxCount, qLevel, minDist);
        points[0].insert(points[0].end(), features.begin(), features.end());
        initial.insert(initial.end(), features.begin(), features.end());
    }

    if (gray_prev.empty())
    {
        gray.copyTo(gray_prev);
    }
    // l-k光流法运动估计
    calcOpticalFlowPyrLK(gray_prev, gray, points[0], points[1], status, err);
    // 去掉一些不好的特征点
    int k = 0;
    for (size_t i=0; i<points[1].size(); i++)
    {
        if (acceptTrackedPoint(i))
        {
            initial[k] = initial[i];
            points[1][k++] = points[1][i];
        }
    }
    points[1].resize(k);
    initial.resize(k);
    // 显示特征点和运动轨迹
    for (size_t i=0; i<points[1].size(); i++)
    {
        line(output, initial[i], points[1][i], Scalar(0, 0, 255));
        circle(output, points[1][i], 3, Scalar(0, 255, 0), -1);
    }

    // 把当前跟踪结果作为下一此参考
    swap(points[1], points[0]);
    swap(gray_prev, gray);

    imshow(window_name, output);
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// function: addNewPoints
// brief: 检测新点是否应该被添加
// parameter:
// return: 是否被添加标志
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool addNewPoints()
{
    return points[0].size() <= 10;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// function: acceptTrackedPoint
// brief: 决定哪些跟踪点被接受
// parameter:
// return:
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool acceptTrackedPoint(int i)
{
    return status[i] && ((abs(points[0][i].x - points[1][i].x) + abs(points[0][i].y - points[1][i].y)) > 2);
}

点追踪

#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"

#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;



//--------------------------------【help( )函数】----------------------------------------------
//      描述:输出帮助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void help()
{
    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
    cout << "\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书!\n"
        << "\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第10个配套示例程序\n"
        << "\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为:" << CV_VERSION
        << "\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------";
    cout << "\n\n\t该Demo演示了 Lukas-Kanade基于光流的lkdemo\n";
    cout << "\n\t程序默认从摄像头读入视频,可以按需改为从视频文件读入图像\n";
    cout << "\n\t操作说明: \n"
        "\t\t通过点击在图像中添加/删除特征点\n"
        "\t\tESC - 退出程序\n"
        "\t\tr -自动进行追踪\n"
        "\t\tc - 删除所有点\n"
        "\t\tn - 开/光-夜晚模式\n" << endl;
}

Point2f point;
bool addRemovePt = false;

//--------------------------------【onMouse( )回调函数】------------------------------------
//      描述:鼠标操作回调
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void onMouse(int event, int x, int y, int /*flags*/, void* /*param*/)
{
    //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
    //if( event == CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN )
    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
    if (event == EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
    {
        point = Point2f((float)x, (float)y);
        addRemovePt = true;
    }
}

//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//      描述:控制台应用程序的入口函数,我们的程序从这里开始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    help();

    VideoCapture cap;

    //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
    //TermCriteria termcrit(CV_TERMCRIT_ITER|CV_TERMCRIT_EPS, 20, 0.03);
    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
    TermCriteria termcrit(TermCriteria::MAX_ITER | TermCriteria::EPS, 20, 0.03);
    Size subPixWinSize(10, 10), winSize(31, 31);

    const int MAX_COUNT = 500;
    bool needToInit = false;
    bool nightMode = false;


    cap.open(0);

    if (!cap.isOpened())
    {
        cout << "Could not initialize capturing...\n";
        return 0;
    }

    namedWindow("LK Demo", 1);
    setMouseCallback("LK Demo", onMouse, 0);

    Mat gray, prevGray, image;
    vector<Point2f> points[2];

    for (;;)
    {
        Mat frame;
        cap >> frame;
        if (frame.empty())
            break;

        frame.copyTo(image);
        cvtColor(image, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

        if (nightMode)
            image = Scalar::all(0);

        if (needToInit)
        {
            // 自动初始化
            goodFeaturesToTrack(gray, points[1], MAX_COUNT, 0.01, (double)10, Mat(), 3,(bool) 0, 0.04);
            cornerSubPix(gray, points[1], subPixWinSize, Size(-1, -1), termcrit);
            addRemovePt = false;
        }
        else if (!points[0].empty())
        {
            vector<uchar> status;
            vector<float> err;
            if (prevGray.empty())
                gray.copyTo(prevGray);
            calcOpticalFlowPyrLK(prevGray, gray, points[0], points[1], status, err, winSize,
                3, termcrit, 0, 0.001);
            size_t i, k;
            for (i = k = 0; i < points[1].size(); i++)
            {
                if (addRemovePt)
                {
                    if (norm(point - points[1][i]) <= 5)
                    {
                        addRemovePt = false;
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if (!status[i])
                    continue;

                points[1][k++] = points[1][i];
                circle(image, points[1][i], 3, Scalar(0, 255, 0), -1, 8);
            }
            points[1].resize(k);
        }

        if (addRemovePt && points[1].size() < (size_t)MAX_COUNT)
        {
            vector<Point2f> tmp;
            tmp.push_back(point);

            //此句代码的OpenCV2版为:
            //cornerSubPix( gray, tmp, winSize, cvSize(-1,-1), termcrit);
            //此句代码的OpenCV3版为:
            cornerSubPix(gray, tmp, winSize, Size(-1, -1), termcrit);
            points[1].push_back(tmp[0]);
            addRemovePt = false;
        }

        needToInit = false;
        imshow("LK Demo", image);

        char c = (char)waitKey(10);
        if (c == 27)
            break;
        switch (c)
        {
        case 'r':
            needToInit = true;
            break;
        case 'c':
            points[0].clear();
            points[1].clear();
            break;
        case 'n':
            nightMode = !nightMode;
            break;
        }

        std::swap(points[1], points[0]);
        cv::swap(prevGray, gray);
    }

    return 0;
}

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xingkongcanghai/p/11151778.html

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