2练习1:创建一个简单的银行程序包
练习目标-Java 语言中面向对象的封装性及构造器的使用。
任务
在这个练习里,创建一个简单版本的(账户类)Account类。将这个源文件放入banking程序包中。在创建单个帐户的默认程序包中,已编写了一个测试程序TestBanking。这个测试程序初始化帐户余额,并可执行几种简单的事物处理。最后,该测试程序显示该帐户的最终余额。
1. 创建banking 包
2. 在banking 包下创建Account类。该类必须实现上述UML框图中的模型。
- 声明一个私有对象属性:balance,这个属性保留了银行帐户的当前(或即时)余额。
- 声明一个带有一个参数(init_balance)的公有构造器,这个参数为balance属性赋值。
- 声明一个公有方法getBalance,该方法用于获取经常余额。
- 声明一个公有方法deposit,该方法向当前余额增加金额。
- 声明一个公有方法withdraw从当前余额中减去金额。
3. 编译TestBanking.java文件。
4. 运行TestBanking类。可以看到下列输出结果:
Creating an account with a 500.00 balance
Withdraw 150.00
Deposit 22.50
Withdraw 47.62
The account has a balance of 324.88
练习2
练习目标-使用引用类型的成员变量:在本练习中,将扩展银行项目,添加一个(客户类)Customer类。Customer类将包含一个Account对象。
任务
- 在banking包下的创建Customer类。该类必须实现上面的UML图表中的模型。
a. 声明三个私有对象属性:firstName、lastName和account。
b. 声明一个公有构造器,这个构造器带有两个代表对象属性的参数(f和l)
c. 声明两个公有存取器来访问该对象属性,方法getFirstName和getLastName返回相应的属性。
d. 声明setAccount 方法来对account属性赋值。
e. 声明getAccount 方法以获取account属性。
- 在exercise2主目录里,编译运行这个TestBanking程序。应该看到如下输出结果:
Creating the customer Jane Smith.
Creating her account with a 500.00 balance.
Withdraw 150.00
Deposit 22.50
Withdraw 47.62
Customer [Smith, Jane] has a balance of 324.88
练习3:修改withdraw 方法
练习目标-使用有返回值的方法:在本练习里,将修改withdraw方法以返回一个布尔值来指示交易是否成功。
任务
1. 修改Account类
- 修改deposit 方法返回true(意味所有存款是成功的)。
- 修改withdraw方法来检查提款数目是否大于余额。如果amt小于balance,则从余额中扣除提款数目并返回true,否则余额不变返回false。
2. 在exercise2主目录编译并运行TestBanking程序,将看到下列输出;
Creating the customer Jane Smith.
Creating her account with a 500.00 balance.
Withdraw 150.00: true
Deposit 22.50: true
Withdraw 47.62: true
Withdraw 400.00: false
Customer [Smith, Jane] has a balance of 324.88
练习4:用List表示多重性
练习目标-在类中使用List作为模拟集合操作: 在本练习中,将用List实现银行与客户间的多重关系。
任务
对银行来说,可添加Bank类。 Bank 对象跟踪自身与其客户间的关系。用Customer对象的List实现这个集合化的关系。还要保持一个整数属性来跟踪银行当前有多少客户。
- 创建 Bank 类
- 为Bank类增加两个属性:customers(Customer对象的List)和numberOfCustomers(整数, 当前Customer对象的数量)
- 添加公有构造器,初始化customersList。
- 添加addCustomer方法。该方法必须依照参数(姓,名)构造一个新的Customer对象然后把它放到customerList中。
- 添加getNumOfCustomers 访问方法,它返回numberofCustomers属性值。
- 添加getCustomer方法。它返回与给出的index参数相关的客户。
- 编译并运行TestBanking程序。可以看到下列输出结果:
Customer 1 is Simms,Jane
Customer 2 is Bryant,Owen
Customer 3 is Soley,Tim
Customer 4 is Soley,Maria
当前客户数量 = 4
package banking;
//账户
public class Account {
private double balance=500;//当前余额
//构造共有方法
public Account(double init_balance)
{
this.balance=init_balance;
}
public double getBalance()
{
return balance;
}
//增加余额
public double dePosit(double amt)
{
balance+=amt;
return balance;
}
//减去金额
public double withdraw(double amt)
{
balance-=amt;
return balance;
}
//第三问方法
//增加余额
public boolean dePosit1(double amt)
{
balance+=amt;
System.out.print("dePosit"+amt+":");
return true;
}
//减去金额
public boolean withdraw1(double amt)
{
if(amt<=balance)
{
balance-=amt;
System.out.print("Withdraw"+amt+":");
return true;
}
else
{
this.balance=balance;
System.out.print("Withdraw "+amt+" :");
return false;
}
}
public Account() {
super();
}
}
package banking;
//顾客
public class Customer extends Account {
//属性
String firstName;
String lastNam;
double account;
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastNam() {
return lastNam;
}
public void setLastNam(String lastNam) {
this.lastNam = lastNam;
}
public double getAccount() {
return account;
}
public void setAccount(double account) {
this.account = account;
}
public Customer( String firstName, String lastNam) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastNam = lastNam;
}
public Customer() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer " +firstName +"," + lastNam;
}
}
package banking;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//银行
public class Bank {
private List<Customer> customers;//List型
int numberOfCustomers;
public Bank()
{
customers=new ArrayList<Customer>();//初始化集合
}
public void addCustomer(String f,String l)
{
Customer c=new Customer(f,l);
customers.add(c);
}
public int getNumOfCustomers(){
numberOfCustomers=customers.size();
return numberOfCustomers;
}
public Customer getCustomer(int index)
{
Customer s=new Customer();
s=customers.get(index);
return s;
}
public void setNumberOfCustomers(int numberOfCustomers) {
this.numberOfCustomers = numberOfCustomers;
}
public List<Customer> getCustomers() {
return customers;
}
public int getNumberOfCustomers() {
return numberOfCustomers;
}
}
package banking;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class TestBanking {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account ac=new Account(500.0);
System.out.println("Creating an account with a "+ac.getBalance()+" balance");
ac.withdraw(150);
System.out.println("Withdraw "+ac.getBalance());
double x=ac.getBalance();
System.out.println("Deposit "+(ac.dePosit(22.50)-x));
System.out.println("Withdraw "+ac.withdraw(47.62));
System.out.println("The account has a balance of "+ac.getBalance());
System.out.println("第二问测试结果------------------");
Customer cu=new Customer();
cu.setFirstName("Smith");
cu.setLastNam("Jane");
System.out.println("Creating the customer "+cu.getFirstName()+","+cu.getLastNam());
System.out.println("Creating her account with a "+cu.getBalance()+" balance.");
cu.withdraw(150);
System.out.println("Withdraw "+cu.getBalance());
double y=ac.getBalance();
System.out.println("Deposit "+(cu.dePosit(22.50)-y));
System.out.println("Withdraw "+cu.withdraw(47.62));
System.out.println("Customer [ "+cu.getFirstName()+","+cu.getLastNam()+" ] has a balance of "+cu.getBalance());
System.out.println("第三问测试结果------------------");
System.out.println("Creating the customer "+cu.getFirstName()+","+cu.getLastNam());
System.out.println("Creating her account with a "+cu.getBalance()+" balance.");
System.out.println(ac.withdraw1(150));
System.out.println((ac.dePosit1(22.50)));
System.out.println(ac.withdraw1(47.62));
System.out.println(ac.withdraw1(400.00));
System.out.println("Customer [ "+cu.getFirstName()+","+cu.getLastNam()+" ] has a balance of "+cu.getBalance());
System.out.println("第四问-------------------");
Bank ban=new Bank();
ban.addCustomer("Simms","Jane");
ban.addCustomer("Bryant","Owen");
ban.addCustomer("Soley","Tim");
ban.addCustomer("Soley","Maria");
for(int i=0;i<ban.getNumOfCustomers();i++){
System.out.println("Customer "+(i+1)+" is"+" "+ban.getCustomer(i));
}
System.out.println("当前客户数量="+ban.getNumOfCustomers());
//System.out.print(cu1.toString());
// System.out.println("迭代器:");
// Iterator<Customer> it=cu1.iterator();
//
// while(it.hasNext())
// {
// Customer c=it.next();
// System.out.println(c);
// }
//
}
}