委托和事件这两个概念是完全配合的。委托仅仅是函数指针,那就是说,它能够引用函数,通过传递地址的机制完成。委托是一个类,当你对它实例化时,要提供一个引用函数,将其作为它构造函数的参数。
委托含有同步和异步的两种方法。
同步调用的例子:
代码
using
System;
using System.Threading;
public delegate int AddHandler(int a, int b);
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("**********SyncInvokeTest**************" );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
int result = handler.Invoke(1,2 );
Console.WriteLine("Do other work... ... ..." );
Console.WriteLine(result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add(int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine("Computing "+a+" + "+b+" ..." );
Thread.Sleep(3000 );
Console.WriteLine("Computing Complete." );
return a+ b;
}
}运行结果:
**********SyncInvokeTest**************
Computing 1 + 2 ...
Computing Complete.
Do other work... ... ...
3
using System.Threading;
public delegate int AddHandler(int a, int b);
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("**********SyncInvokeTest**************" );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
int result = handler.Invoke(1,2 );
Console.WriteLine("Do other work... ... ..." );
Console.WriteLine(result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add(int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine("Computing "+a+" + "+b+" ..." );
Thread.Sleep(3000 );
Console.WriteLine("Computing Complete." );
return a+ b;
}
}运行结果:
**********SyncInvokeTest**************
Computing 1 + 2 ...
Computing Complete.
Do other work... ... ...
3
同步调用会阻塞线程,如果是要调用一项繁重的工作(如大量IO操作),可能会让程序停顿很长时间,造成糟糕
的用户体验,这时候异步调用就很有必要了。
异步调用不阻塞线程,而是把调用塞到线程池中,程序主线程或UI线程可以继续执行。
委托的异步调用通过BeginInvoke和EndInvoke来实现。
异步调用:
代码
using
System;
using System.Threading;
public delegate int AddHandler(int a, int b);
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("**********AsyncInvokeTest**************" );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
IAsyncResult result = handler.BeginInvoke(1,2,null,null );
Console.WriteLine("Do other work... ... ..." );
Console.WriteLine(handler.EndInvoke(result));
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add(int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine("Computing "+a+" + "+b+" ..." );
Thread.Sleep(3000 );
Console.WriteLine("Computing Complete." );
return a+ b;
}
}运行结果: **********AsyncInvokeTest**************
Do other work... ... ...
Computing 1 + 2 ...
Computing Complete.
3
using System.Threading;
public delegate int AddHandler(int a, int b);
public class Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("**********AsyncInvokeTest**************" );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
IAsyncResult result = handler.BeginInvoke(1,2,null,null );
Console.WriteLine("Do other work... ... ..." );
Console.WriteLine(handler.EndInvoke(result));
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add(int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine("Computing "+a+" + "+b+" ..." );
Thread.Sleep(3000 );
Console.WriteLine("Computing Complete." );
return a+ b;
}
}运行结果: **********AsyncInvokeTest**************
Do other work... ... ...
Computing 1 + 2 ...
Computing Complete.
3
可以看到,主线程并没有等待,而是直接向下运行了。
但是问题依然存在,当主线程运行到EndInvoke时,如果这时调用没有结束(这种情况很可能出现),这时为了等待调用结果,线程依旧会被阻塞。
解决的办法是用回调函数,当调用结束时会自动调用回调函数
回调异步:
代码
public class
Foo {
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("**********AsyncInvokeTest**************" );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
IAsyncResult result = handler.BeginInvoke(1,2,new AsyncCallback(AddComplete),"AsycState:OK" );
Console.WriteLine("Do other work... ... ..." );
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add(int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine("Computing "+a+" + "+b+" ..." );
Thread.Sleep(3000 );
Console.WriteLine("Computing Complete." );
return a+ b;
}
static void AddComplete(IAsyncResult result) {
AddHandler handler = (AddHandler)((AsyncResult)result).AsyncDelegate;
Console.WriteLine(handler.EndInvoke(result));
Console.WriteLine(result.AsyncState);
}
}
static void Main() {
Console.WriteLine("**********AsyncInvokeTest**************" );
AddHandler handler = new AddHandler(Add);
IAsyncResult result = handler.BeginInvoke(1,2,new AsyncCallback(AddComplete),"AsycState:OK" );
Console.WriteLine("Do other work... ... ..." );
Console.ReadLine();
}
static int Add(int a, int b) {
Console.WriteLine("Computing "+a+" + "+b+" ..." );
Thread.Sleep(3000 );
Console.WriteLine("Computing Complete." );
return a+ b;
}
static void AddComplete(IAsyncResult result) {
AddHandler handler = (AddHandler)((AsyncResult)result).AsyncDelegate;
Console.WriteLine(handler.EndInvoke(result));
Console.WriteLine(result.AsyncState);
}
}