首先定义结构体
{
char name[ 10 ];
int num;
int age;
} stud;
将结构体写入
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
{
FILE * fp;
int i;
if ((fp = fopen( " stu_list " , " a+ " )) == NULL)
{
printf( " canot open the file. " );
exit( 0 );
}
if (fwrite( & stud, sizeof ( struct student_type), 1 ,fp) != 1 )
{
printf( " file write error\n " );
}
fclose(fp);
}
读取文件
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
{
FILE * fp;
int i;
if ((fp = fopen( " stu_list " , " rb " )) == NULL)
{
printf( " cant open the file " );
exit( 0 );
}
/* *
for(i=0; i<SIZE; i++)
{
if(fread(&stud,sizeof(struct student_type),1,fp)!=1)
printf("file write error\n");
}
*/
/* *
while(0 != feof(fp))
{
memset(&stud,0,sizeof(stud));
if(fread(&stud,sizeof(struct student_type),1,fp)!=1)
printf("file read error\n");
printf("%s --end >> \n",stud.name);
printf("%d--end >> \n",stud.num);
printf("%d --end >> \n",stud.age);
}
*/
fseek(fp, 0 ,SEEK_END); // 定位到文件末
int nFileLen = ftell(fp); // 文件长度
int tmpCount = 0 ;
int tmpScount = sizeof (stud);
tmpCount = nFileLen / tmpScount ;
cout << " file len = " << nFileLen << " ---- " << tmpCount << endl;
if (tmpCount != 0 )
{
cout << " you shuju " << endl;
for (i = 0 ; i < tmpCount; i ++ )
{
fseek(fp,tmpScount * i,tmpScount * i);
cout << tmpScount * i << " +++++ " << tmpScount * i << endl;
if (fread( & stud, sizeof ( struct student_type), 1 ,fp) != 1 )
printf( " file write error\n " );
printf( " %s --end >> \n " ,stud.name);
printf( " %d--end >> \n " ,stud.num);
printf( " %d --end >> \n " ,stud.age);
}
}
else
{
cout << " meishuju " << endl;
}
fclose(fp);
}
可以用下面的测试代码
![ContractedBlock.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
int main()
{
int i;
// insert values
for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
memcpy( & stud.name, " aa " , sizeof (stud.name));
stud.num = i;
stud.age = i;
// printf("%s -->> \n",stud.name);
// printf("%d-->> \n",stud.num);
// printf("%d -->> \n",stud.age);
save(); // 追加写入文件
}
// printf("%d -->> \n",sizeof(stud));
read();
// printf("getfilesize()=%d\n",getfilesize());
// read();
return 0 ;
}
其中用到的是C语言操作文件的几个方法,特别要提一下的是fseek这个方法
功 能 重定位流(数据流/文件)上的文件内部位置指针
注意:不是定位文件指针,文件指针指向文件/流。位置指针指向文件内部的字节位置,随着文件的读取会移动,文件指针如果不重新赋值将不会改变指向别的文件。
用 法 int fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int fromwhere);
描 述 函数设置文件指针stream的位置。如果执行成功,stream将指向以fromwhere(偏移起始位置:文件头0,当前位置1,文件尾2)为基准,偏移offset(指针偏移量)个字节的位置。如果执行失败(比如offset超过文件自身大小),则不改变stream指向的位置。
返回值 成功,返回0,否则返回其他值。
fseek position the file(文件) position(位置) pointer(指针) for the file referenced by stream to the byte location calculated by offset.
程序例 #include <stdio.h>
long filesize(FILE *stream);
int main(void)
{
FILE *stream;
stream = fopen("MYFILE.TXT", "w+");
fprintf(stream, "This is a test");
printf("Filesize of MYFILE.TXT is %ld bytes\n", filesize(stream));
fclose(stream);
return 0;
}
long filesize(FILE *stream)
{
long curpos, length;
curpos = ftell(stream);
fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_END);
length = ftell(stream);
fseek(stream, curpos, SEEK_SET);
return length;
}
int fseek( FILE *stream, long offset, int origin );
第一个参数stream为文件指针
第二个参数offset为偏移量,正数表示正向偏移,负数表示负向偏移
第三个参数origin设定从文件的哪里开始偏移,可能取值为:SEEK_CUR、 SEEK_END 或 SEEK_SET
SEEK_SET: 文件开头
SEEK_CUR: 当前位置
SEEK_END: 文件结尾
其中SEEK_SET,SEEK_CUR和SEEK_END和依次为0,1和2.
简言之:
fseek(fp,100L,0);把fp指针移动到离文件开头100字节处;
fseek(fp,100L,1);把fp指针移动到离文件当前位置100字节处;
fseek(fp,-100L,2);把fp指针退回到离文件结尾100字节处。
使用实例:
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5
typedef struct student {
long sno;
char name[10];
float score[3];
} STU;
void fun(char *filename, STU n)
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(filename, "rb+");
fseek(fp, -1L*sizeof(STU),SEEK_END);
fwrite(&n, sizeof(STU), 1, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
void main()/*修改覆盖最后一个学生数据*/
{
STU t[N]={ {10001,"MaChao", 91, 92, 77}, {10002,"CaoKai", 75, 60, 88},
{10003,"LiSi", 85, 70, 78}, {10004,"FangFang", 90, 82, 87},
{10005,"ZhangSan", 95, 80, 88}};
STU n={10006,"ZhaoSi", 55, 70, 68}, ss[N];
int i,j; FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("student.dat", "wb");
fwrite(t, sizeof(STU), N, fp);
fclose(fp);
fp = fopen("student.dat", "rb");
fread(ss, sizeof(STU), N, fp);
fclose(fp);
printf("\nThe original data :\n\n");
for (j=0; j<N; j++)
{
printf("\nNo: %ld Name: %-8s Scores: ",ss[j].sno, ss[j].name);
for (i=0; i<3; i++) printf("%6.2f ", ss[j].score[i]);
printf("\n");
}
fun("student.dat", n);
printf("\nThe data after modifing :\n\n");
fp = fopen("student.dat", "rb");
fread(ss, sizeof(STU), N, fp);
fclose(fp);
for (j=0; j<N; j++)
{
printf("\nNo: %ld Name: %-8s Scores: ",ss[j].sno, ss[j].name);
for (i=0; i<3; i++) printf("%6.2f ", ss[j].score[i]);
printf("\n");
}
}
注意事项 fseek函数的文件指针,应该为已经打开的文件。如果没有打开的文件,那么将会出现错误。 fseek函数也可以这样理解,相当于在文件当中定位。这样在读取规律性存储才文件时可以利用其OFFSET偏移量读取文件上任意的内容。