programmingwithobjectivec学习笔记（二）

Working with Objects 

Objects Send and Receive Messages

对象发送和接受消息

.h定义

@interface XYZPerson : NSObject
- (void)sayHello;
@end

.m实现

@implementation XYZPerson
- (void)sayHello {

    NSLog(@"Hello, world!");
}

@end 

//实例化

    //实例化person类

    //XYZPerson *per = [[XYZPerson alloc] init];

    //调用方法

    //[per sayHello];

    //释放内存

    //[per release];

Use Pointers to Keep Track of Objects 

使用指针定位对象

Methods Can Return Values 

返回值

Objects Can Send Messages to Themselves 

调用本身方法

Objects Can Call Methods Implemented by Their Superclasses 

Objects Are Created Dynamically 

对象是动态创建的

The NSObjectroot class provides a class method,alloc, which handles this process for you: 

NSObject提供了一个方法

+ (id)alloc; //分配内存空间、实例化对象

You need to combine a call toallocwith a call to init, anotherNSObjectmethod: 

NSObject提供了另一个方法初始化值

- (id)init; //初始化对象的成员

//实际实例化一个对象要如下使用

NSObject *newObject = [[NSObject alloc] init];//object中的连贯操作类似NSObject->alloc->init

Initializer Methods Can Take Arguments 

初始化方法可以带参数

The NSNumberclass defines several initializers, including: 

 NSNnumber 类定义了数个初始化函数

- (id)initWithBool:(BOOL)value;
- (id)initWithFloat:(float)value;
- (id)initWithInt:(int)value;
- (id)initWithLong:(long)value;

//可以下面这样带参数的初始化

NSNumber *magicNumber = [[NSNumber alloc] initWithInt:42];

Use new to Create an Object If No Arguments Are Needed for Initialization （暂时无实用价值）

用new实例化一个对象（不能有参数） 

XYZObject *object = [XYZObject new];
// is effectively the same as:等价于
XYZObject *object = [[XYZObject alloc] init];

Literals Offer a Concise Object-Creation Syntax 

提供了一种简明的文字对象创建语法

You can create an NSString instance, for example, using a special literal notation, like this: 

你可以定义一个NSString实例类似如下

NSString *someString = @"Hello, World!";

//下面这个实例化方法可以带数个参数 如stringWithCString，encoding

NSString *someString = [NSString stringWithCString:"Hello, World!"
                                          encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

//定义一个NSNumber如下

NSNumber *myBOOL = @YES;

NSNumber *myFloat = @3.14f;

NSNumber *myInt = @42;
NSNumber *myLong = @42L;

NSNumber *myInt = @(84 / 2);

Objective-C Is a Dynamic Language 

object-c是一种动态语言

id someObject = @"Hello, World!";//id代表任何类型（id其实是一个object-c对象的指针，必须是NS开头的）

不要写成 id *someObject（不用带*）

Determining Equality of Objects 

对象的比较

When dealing with objects, the == operator is used to test whether two separate pointers are pointing to thesame object: 

当比较2个对象时用==号是比较2个对象的指针指向的是否是同一个内存地址

     
     

      
      

       
       

        
        

         
         
if (firstPerson == secondPerson) {//2个对象比较是否指向一个内存地址（是否是一个对象）
    // firstPerson is the same object as secondPerson

         
         
} 
        
        
       
       
      
      
     
     

比较2个对象的值是否相等要用如下

if ([firstPerson isEqual:secondPerson]) {
    // firstPerson is identical to secondPerson

} 

//比较2个对象的大小，如下比较someDate和anotherDate的大小

//IOS中的3个预定义变量

NSOrderedAscending =  -1

NSOrderedSame = 0

NSOrderedDescending= 1

if ([someDate compare:anotherDate] == NSOrderedAscending) {
    // someDate is earlier than anotherDate

} 

Working with nil 

//空值

一般给变量或对象初始化值是个好习惯

下面情况编译器会给对象默认为nil空

XYZPerson *somePerson;
// somePerson is automatically set to nil

如果你返回一个nil值作为返回值，对应返回值类型，object-》nil，numeric-》0，BOOL-》NO

判断

if (somePerson != nil) {
    // somePerson points to an object

} 

等价于

if (somePerson) {
    // somePerson points to an object

}