Ubuntu 7.1 server从无到有搭建jsp/php/rails全能WEB生产环境（一）

 

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http://www.dingl.com/blog/archives/12
作者：丁令

由于工作原因，需要搭建linux环境。
选择Ubuntu7.1 server的原因是比较干净，生产服务器上不要搞那么多乱七八糟的东西。

Ubuntu7.1 server是一个非常干净的系统，连图形界面都没有，于是鼠标用不上了。

安装Ubuntu非常简单，不再多述。注意几点：
1、安装之前先插上网线
2、除了OpenSSH，不装其它任何的服务器软件，Apache/Mysql/PHP都不装，后面使用源码自己编译安装

Ubuntu安装后的配置：
1、启用root用户
　　sudo passwd root
　输入密码后：
　　su
　即可用root用户完成后面的配置与维护。

2、配置网络
　如果在安装时没有配置好网络环境，可手工配置：
　　vi /etc/network/interfaces
　根据环境正确配置即可。重启网络：
　　/etc/init.d/networking restart

3、配置apt-get的更新位置
　如果想使用最新版本的各种包，此步必须。
　　vi /etc/apt/sources.list
　编辑文件，主要是禁止从cdrom安装软件，而从网上下载最新的版本。
#
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 _Gutsy Gibbon_ - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘backports’
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical’s
## ‘partner’ repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse

4、更新Ubuntu：
　　apt-get update
　　apt-get upgrade
　此步需要花费大概30分钟，如果出现网络错误可重新执行或加上–fix-missing参数重新执行。

5、安装各种软件包
　可一次安装N个：
　　apt-get install binutils cpp fetchmail flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl libdb4.3-dev libpcre3 libpopt-dev lynx m4 make ncftp nmap perl perl-modules unzip zip zlib1g-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool bison autotools-dev g++ build-essential
　上面的命令要放在一行执行。这些包基本都是后面需要使用的或者平时也经常可以用到的，可根据自己需要选择。

6、安装libncurses5-dev
　很多朋友在使用源码安装软件时在make时出现错误，就是因为没有安装这个包：
　　checking for termcap functions library… configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
　解决办法:
　　apt-get install libncurses5-dev

7、增加ll别名
　以前用fedora core时都有ll命令，Ubuntu下没有，很不习惯，只好自己设置：
　　vi ~/.bashrc
　此文件中其实已经有别名的配置，只是已经注释掉了，去掉注释即可，同时为vi设置别名为vim。
　　alias ll=’ls -l’
　　alias la=’ls -A’
　　alias l=’ls -CF’
　　alias vi=’vim’

版权声明：可以任意转载，转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本版权声明。
http://www.dingl.com/blog/archives/12
作者：丁令