java什么是超卖现象？

当出现  商品的销售量 > 实际的库存量 的现象 成为“超卖”

解释：假设某商品X卖剩下最后一件，线程A(客户)进来下单，下单完成，还没来得及减库存，这时线程B又进来了，判断还有库存，继续下单，这时出现超卖，库存实际有一件商品，却卖出了2件商品

package com.dj.springtest.demo;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * User: ldj
 * Date: 2024/4/12
 * Time: 19:08
 * Description: 超卖测试
 * （悲观锁synchronized）
 * （乐观锁CAS: update tb_ticket set number = number - 1 where ticket_id = ? and number > 0）缺点不会走索引
 */
public class OversoldDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Ticket ticket = new Ticket();
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                try {
                    countDownLatch.await();
                    //ticket.sale1();
                    //ticket.sale2();
                    ticket.sale3();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }, "顾客" + i).start();
            countDownLatch.countDown();
        }
    }
}

class Ticket {

    //剩下最后一张票
    private int tickets = 1;
    //可重入锁（默认非公平，减少cpu来回切换的开销）
    ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock(true);

    public void sale1() throws InterruptedException {
        if (tickets > 0) {
            //模拟还没来得及减库存
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            tickets = tickets - 1;
            System.out.println("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]抢票成功" + "目前还剩" + tickets);
        } else {
            System.out.println("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]真抱歉！票已经售罄");
        }
    }

    //集群部署情况还是会出现超卖现象，需要使用分布式锁
    public synchronized void sale2() {
        if (tickets > 0) {
            tickets = tickets - 1;
            System.out.println("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]抢票成功" + "目前还剩" + tickets);
        } else {
            System.out.println("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]真抱歉！票已经售罄");
        }
    }

    //集群部署情况还是会出现超卖现象，需要使用分布式锁
    public void sale3() {
        reentrantLock.lock();
        try {
            if (tickets > 0) {
                tickets = tickets - 1;
                System.out.println("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]抢票成功" + "目前还剩" + tickets);
            } else {
                System.out.println("[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]真抱歉！票已经售罄");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            reentrantLock.unlock();
        }
    }
}