ScheduledExecutorService 中的 scheduleWithFixedDelay() 和 scheduleFixedRate() 区别

 共同点：都是要等待上一次任务执行完毕，才有可能执行下一次任务；

异同点：触发下一次任务的时间间隔机制不一样；

  scheduleWithFixedDelay（）

package com.hmdp.demo;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @Author: ldj
 * @Date: 2023/07/24/14:59
 * @Description:
 */
public class ScheduleTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
//        executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
//            String format = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
//            System.out.println(format + "  task begin......");
//            try {
//                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
//            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                e.printStackTrace();
//            }
//            System.out.println("task end......");
//        }, 2, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);



        executorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(()->{
            String format = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
            System.out.println(format + "  task begin......");
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("task end......");
        },2,3,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

 结论：无论上次任务执行多久，必须等上次任务结束后，再等上间隔的3秒，才能继续执行下一次任务

scheduleFixedRate() 当任务执行完成时间小于间隔时间（执行1秒，间隔3秒）

package com.hmdp.demo;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @Author: ldj
 * @Date: 2023/07/24/14:59
 * @Description:
 */
public class ScheduleTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
        executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
            String format = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
            System.out.println(format + "  task begin......");
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("task end......");
        }, 2, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);


    }
}

scheduleFixedRate()  当任务执行完成时间超出间隔时间（执行10秒，间隔3秒）

package com.hmdp.demo;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @Author: ldj
 * @Date: 2023/07/24/14:59
 * @Description:
 */
public class ScheduleTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
        executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
            String format = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
            System.out.println(format + "  task begin......");
            try {
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("task end......");
        }, 2, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

 结论：scheduleFixedRate() 就没有间隔执行的概念，当任务执行了3秒后，会检查上次任务是否执行完毕，如果没有完成，则需要等待上次任务执行完成。如果一旦完成，就立马执行下一次任务，不会再等上3秒。