Maven项目-jar包冲突:MyServlet is not a Servlet解决方法
Spring访问传统的Servlet
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.spring.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/helloservlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
HelloService.java
package cn.itcast.spring.service;
public class HelloService {
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("嘿,传智播客。。。。");
}
}
HelloServlet.java
package cn.itcast.spring.servlet;
import cn.itcast.spring.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//传统方式:
//new service
//HelloService helloService = new HelloService();
//spring方式:只要看到new,你就想到spring容器中的<bean>
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloService helloService=(HelloService)applicationContext.getBean("helloService");
System.out.println("helloService = " + helloService);
helloService.sayHello();
}
@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- HelloService的bean -->
<bean id="helloService" class="cn.itcast.spring.service.HelloService"/>
</beans>
log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,A1
log4j.logger.org.apache=INFO
log4j.appender.A1.Target=System.err
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c]-[%p] %m%n
pom.xml(itcast-parent)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itcast.parent</groupId>
<artifactId>itcast-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>mybatis</module>
<module>spring4</module>
</modules>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 集中定义依赖版本号 -->
<properties>
<!--<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>-->
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<spring.version>4.3.13.RELEASE</spring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
<mybatis.spring.version>1.2.2</mybatis.spring.version>
<mybatis.paginator.version>1.2.15</mybatis.paginator.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.32</mysql.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.4</slf4j.version>
<jackson.version>2.9.0</jackson.version>
<druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version>
<httpclient.version>4.3.5</httpclient.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet-api.version>2.5</servlet-api.version>
<jsp-api.version>2.0</jsp-api.version>
<joda-time.version>2.5</joda-time.version>
<commons-lang3.version>3.3.2</commons-lang3.version>
<commons-io.version>1.3.2</commons-io.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!--只管理jar包的版本,不导包-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring集成测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.miemiedev</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-paginator</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.paginator.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Jackson Json处理工具包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>${httpclient.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSP相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 时间操作组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>${joda-time.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Apache工具组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<!-- 资源文件拷贝插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.7</version>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- java编译插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
pom.xml(spring4)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>itcast-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>cn.itcast.parent</groupId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<artifactId>spring4</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSP相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp-api.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<!--端口-->
<port>8088</port>
<!--访问路径-->
<path>/</path>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
用maven启动Tomcat
访问
http://localhost:8088/helloservlet
Spring的web集成 (Spring监听器)
【思考、阅读】直接new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext()有什么缺点?
缺点:
在创建Spring容器同时,需要对容器中对象初始化。而每次初始化容器的时候,都创建了新的容器对象,消耗了资源,降低了性能。
解决思路:保证容器对象只有一个。
解决方案:将Spring容器绑定到Web Servlet容器上,让Web容器来管理Spring容器的创建和销毁。
分析:
ServletContext在Web服务运行过程中是唯一的, 其初始化的时候,会自动执行ServletContextListener 监听器 (用来监听上下文的创建和销毁),具体步骤为:
编写一个ServletContextListener监听器,在监听ServletContext到创建的时候,创建Spring容器,并将其放到ServletContext的属性中保存(setAttribute(Spring容器名字,Spring容器对象) )。
我们无需手动创建该监听器,因为Spring提供了一个叫ContextLoaderListener的监听器,它位于spring-web-4.3.13.RELEASE.jar中。
开发步骤:
第一步:引入spring-web的依赖
pom.xml(spring4)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.3.13.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
第二步:在web.xml 配置Spring的核心监听器
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>cn.itcast.spring.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/helloservlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- spring的核心监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 全局参数变量 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- applicationContext.xml文件的位置,使用classpath定义 -->
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
第三步:启动tomcat服务器,结果发现异常,因为默认会加载
根据异常提示:发现spring的BeanFactory没有初始化,说明没有找到spring容器,即applicationContext.xml文件
第四步:在web容器中配置spring文件路径
为什么没有找到applicationContext.xml文件呢?因为此时加载的是WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,而不是src下的applicationContext.xml文件
原因:找到ContextLoaderListener.class,再找到ContextLoader.class,发现默认加载的WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
解决方案:
需要在web.xml中配置,加载spring容器applicationContext.xml文件的路径
web.xml
<!-- spring的核心监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 全局参数变量 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- applicationContext.xml文件的位置,使用classpath定义 -->
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
重新启动tomcat服务器,没有异常,问题解决。
第五步:修改Servlet代码。在Servlet 中通过ServletContext 获取Spring容器对象
第一种方式: 使用getAttribute
//每次获取的都是一个spring容器
ApplicationContext applicationContext =
(ApplicationContext)this.getServletContext().getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
第二种方式:使用WebApplicationContextUtils (推荐)
//工具类
WebApplicationContext applicationContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
HelloServlet.java
package cn.itcast.spring.servlet;
import cn.itcast.spring.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.传统方式:
//new service
//HelloService helloService = new HelloService();
//spring方式:只要看到new,你就想到spring容器中的<bean>
//ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//2.每次获取的都是一个spring容器
// ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext)this.getServletContext().getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
//3.工具类
WebApplicationContext applicationContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
HelloService helloService=(HelloService)applicationContext.getBean("helloService");
System.out.println("helloService = " + helloService);
helloService.sayHello();
}
@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}