kubernetes之Deployments

Deployments是kubernetes中的一种控制器，是比ReplicaSet更高级的概念，它最重的特性是支持对pod与ReplicaSet的声明式升级，声明式升级比其它方式的升级更安全可靠。需要注意的是用户不应该手动管理被Deployments创建的ReplicaSet。

使用案例

以下是几种典型的Deployments使用案例：

• Create a Deployment to rollout a ReplicaSet. The ReplicaSet creates Pods in the background. Check the status of the rollout to see if it succeeds or not.
• Declare the new state of the Pods by updating the PodTemplateSpec of the Deployment. A new ReplicaSet is created and the Deployment manages moving the Pods from the old ReplicaSet to the new one at a controlled rate. Each new ReplicaSet updates the revision of the Deployment.
• Rollback to an earlier Deployment revision if the current state of the Deployment is not stable. Each rollback updates the revision of the Deployment.
• Scale up the Deployment to facilitate more load.
• Pause the Deployment to apply multiple fixes to its PodTemplateSpec and then resume it to start a new rollout.
• Use the status of the Deployment as an indicator that a rollout has stuck.
• Clean up older ReplicaSets that you don’t need anymore

Creating a Deployment

以下Deployment示例创建一个ReplicaSet，ReplicaSet控制三个nginx pod，示下是配置文件：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.9
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

以上文件中除了kind变成Deployment外，与ReplicaSet的定义并无不同，Deployment据此创建ReplicaSet。

创建Deployment： 

kubectl create -f  https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/nginx-deployment.yaml

提示：可以在上述命令中追加--record选项，其作用是在Deployment的注解中记录下当前执行的命令，这个特性对于Deployment的变更审计、追踪很有用。

 查看Deployments：

NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   3         0         0            0           1s

输出的自字段含义：

• NAME： Deployments名称
• DESIRED：创建Deployments时指定的期望副本数量。
• CURRENT：当前正在运行的副本数量。
• UP-TO-DATE：成功升级的副本数量。
• AVAILABLE：可用副本的数量，注意副本在运行不等于可用。
• AGE：应用运行时间。 

创建Deployments后，kubernetes在系统中保存代表Deployments规格与状态的数据，以上字段与系统中保存数据的对应关系：

• DESIRED：spec.replicas field.
• CURRENT：status.replicas field.
• UP-TO-DATE：status.updatedReplicas field.
• AVAILABLE：status.availableReplicas field.

查看Deployments的推进状态(rollout status)：

kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment
Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out

结果显示正在等待部署完成，3个副本中的2两已经更新完成，稍后查看Deployments的状态：

kubectl get deployments
NAME               DESIRED   C