程序化JCMD访问

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-23 08:54:31 发布

dnc8371

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-23 08:54:31 发布

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在线提出的问题表明，开发人员偶尔希望通过其Java应用程序访问通常从针对该应用程序外部运行JConsole ， VisualVM或JDK命令行工具获得的信息类型。以下是这类问题的一些示例：

我最近在博客上介绍了 jcmd 的用处。命令行JDK工具的“ 瑞士军刀 ”提供了有关运行Java进程的许多信息，并且开发人员可能希望通过编程方式获取的许多类型的信息都可以通过jcmd 。

“ JDK 8”页面中的“ 工具增强 ”指出：“ JDK 8提供了对诊断命令的远程访问，以前只能通过jcmd工具在本地进行访问。使用Java管理扩展（JMX）提供了远程访问，因此诊断命令将公开给注册到平台MBean服务器的平台MBean。 MBean是com.sun.management.DiagnosticCommandMBean接口。” 在“ 在JConsole和VisualVM中查看DiagnosticCommandMBean”一文中，我研究了如何通过JConsole和VisualVM使用JMX和DiagnosticCommandMBean在运行的JVM进程上访问jcmd类型信息。

在这篇文章中我看看如何使用com.sun.management.DiagnosticCommandMBean以编程方式访问信息提供jcmd 。

通过JMX使用ObjectName “ com.sun.management:type=DiagnosticCommand ”访问DiagnosticCommandMBean 。大多数操作不需要参数，并且返回String 。考虑到这一点，下面的代码片段展示了一种访问具有String[]签名， String返回类型并且实际上不需要参数的操作的通用方法。

设置DiagnosticCommandMBean和访问相同签名操作的通用方法

/** Object Name of DiagnosticCommandMBean. */
   public final static String DIAGNOSTIC_COMMAND_MBEAN_NAME =
      "com.sun.management:type=DiagnosticCommand";

   /** My MBean Server. */
   private final MBeanServer server = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();

   /** Platform MBean Server. */
   private final ObjectName objectName;

   //  . . .

   /**
    * Invoke operation on the DiagnosticCommandMBean that accepts
    *    String array argument but does not require any String
    *    argument and returns a String.
    *
    * @param operationName Name of operation on DiagnosticCommandMBean.
    * @param operationDescription Description of operation being invoked
    *    on the DiagnosticCommandMBean.
    * @return String returned by DiagnosticCommandMBean operation.
    */
   private String invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand(
      final String operationName, final String operationDescription)
   {
      String result;
      try
      {
         result = (String) server.invoke(objectName, operationName, new Object[] {null}, new String[]{String[].class.getName()});
      }
      catch (InstanceNotFoundException | ReflectionException | MBeanException exception)
      {
         result = "ERROR: Unable to access '" + operationDescription + "' - " + exception;
      }
      return result;
   }

使用上面的代码，方法invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand(String, String)可以用于访问DiagnosticCommandMBean提供的一些操作。与jcmd一起使用时， help子命令很有用，因为它列出了与指定Java进程关联的可用子命令。同样， DiagnosticCommandMBean提供的“帮助”操作在提供MBean支持的命令列表方面同样有帮助。使用下面显示的代码（使用刚刚显示的代码）可以轻松访问此代码。

/**
 * Provide list of supported operations (help).
 *
 * @return Single string containing names of supported operations.
 */
public String getAvailableOperations()
{
   return invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand("help", "Help (List Commands)");
}

从一个简单的Java应用程序运行它会导致输出类似于下图所示：

The following commands are available:
JFR.stop
JFR.start
JFR.dump
JFR.check
VM.native_memory
VM.check_commercial_features
VM.unlock_commercial_features
GC.rotate_log
Thread.print
GC.class_stats
GC.class_histogram
GC.run_finalization
GC.run
VM.uptime
VM.flags
VM.system_properties
VM.command_line
VM.version
help

For more information about a specific command use 'help '.

在我的博客文章“ 确定活动的HotSpot垃圾收集器”中，我写道jcmd可用于标识正在运行的Java进程的VM标志，并且可以从这些标志中收集正在使用的垃圾收集器。因为DiagnosticCommandMBean支持如上所述的VM.flags操作，所以该操作可用于查看VM标志并从这些标志中确定正在使用哪个收集器。下一个代码清单显示了两个示例方法，第一个方法访问进程的VM标志，第二个方法提供了如何使用第一个方法来标识正在使用的垃圾收集器的简单示例。

获取虚拟机标志并标识活动垃圾收集器

/**
 * Provide a String representing the Virtual Machine flags.
 *
 * @return String containing the virtual machine flags.
 */
public String getVirtualMachineFlags()
{
   return invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand("vmFlags", "Determine VM flags");
}

/**
 * Provide String representing active/current garbage collector.
 *
 * @return String representation of current garbage collector
 *    ("Parallel/Throughput", "Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS)",
 *    "Garbage First", or "UNDETERMINED").
 */
public String determineGarbageCollector()
{
   String garbageCollector;
   final String vmFlags = getVirtualMachineFlags();
   if (vmFlags.contains("+UseParallelGC") || vmFlags.contains("+UseParallelOldGC"))
   {
      garbageCollector = "Parallel/Throughput";
   }
   else if (vmFlags.contains("+UseConcMarkSweepGC"))
   {
      garbageCollector = "Concurrent Mark Sweep (CMS)";
   }
   else if (vmFlags.contains("+UseG1GC"))
   {
      garbageCollector = "Garbage First";
   }
   else
   {
      garbageCollector = "UNDETERMINED";
   }
   return garbageCollector;
}

接下来显示带有VM标志的字符串和已标识的垃圾收集器的输出：

-XX:CICompilerCount=3 -XX:InitialHeapSize=134217728 -XX:MaxHeapSize=2128609280 -XX:MaxNewSize=709361664 -XX:MinHeapDeltaBytes=524288 -XX:NewSize=44564480 -XX:OldSize=89653248 -XX:+UseCompressedClassPointers -XX:+UseCompressedOops -XX:-UseLargePagesIndividualAllocation -XX:+UseParallelGC

Parallel/Throughput

已经显示的示例（访问帮助和VM标志）说明了相同的通用方法，该方法可用于以编程方式访问具有相同签名的DiagnosticCommandMBean上的其他操作。接下来显示一系列代码清单和相应的输出以说明其中的一些。

访问虚拟机正常运行时间

/**
 * Provide virtual machine uptime as single String.
 *
 * @return Single string containing virtual machine uptime.
 */
public String getVirtualMachineUptime()
{
   return invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand("vmUptime", "Virtual Machine Uptime");
}

0.272 s

访问线程转储

/**
 * Provide thread dump as single String.
 *
 * @return Single string containing formatted thread dump.
 */
public String getThreadDump()
{
   return invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand("threadPrint", "Thread Dump");
}

2016-04-30 20:21:22
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.25-b02 mixed mode):

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #10 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00000000189ea800 nid=0x1590 runnable [0x000000001903e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
 at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.accept0(Native Method)
 at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.socketAccept(DualStackPlainSocketImpl.java:131)
 at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.accept(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:404)
 at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.accept(PlainSocketImpl.java:199)
 - locked <0x0000000081208810> (a java.net.SocksSocketImpl)
 at java.net.ServerSocket.implAccept(ServerSocket.java:545)
 at java.net.ServerSocket.accept(ServerSocket.java:513)
 at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain$1.run(AppMain.java:90)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"Service Thread" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000018915800 nid=0x2468 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C1 CompilerThread2" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000017087000 nid=0x17a0 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000017080000 nid=0x1560 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" #6 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000000001707d000 nid=0x2004 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x000000001707b000 nid=0x2160 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000000001707a000 nid=0x458 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x00000000024f7000 nid=0x1964 in Object.wait() [0x00000000183ef000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
 at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
 - waiting on <0x0000000081201570> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
 at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:142)
 - locked <0x0000000081201570> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
 at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:158)
 at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:209)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x00000000024ee000 nid=0x270c in Object.wait() [0x00000000182ef000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
 at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
 - waiting on <0x0000000081208c28> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
 at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
 at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:157)
 - locked <0x0000000081208c28> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000000c4e000 nid=0x24f8 waiting on condition [0x0000000000dee000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
 at sun.management.DiagnosticCommandImpl.executeDiagnosticCommand(Native Method)
 at sun.management.DiagnosticCommandImpl.access$000(DiagnosticCommandImpl.java:40)
 at sun.management.DiagnosticCommandImpl$Wrapper.execute(DiagnosticCommandImpl.java:128)
 at sun.management.DiagnosticCommandImpl.invoke(DiagnosticCommandImpl.java:230)
 at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
 at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
 at dustin.examples.diagnostics.VirtualMachineDiagnostics.invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand(VirtualMachineDiagnostics.java:167)
 at dustin.examples.diagnostics.VirtualMachineDiagnostics.getThreadDump(VirtualMachineDiagnostics.java:88)
 at dustin.examples.diagnostics.VirtualMachineDiagnostics.main(VirtualMachineDiagnostics.java:187)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
 at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:144)

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000017046000 nid=0x22b0 runnable 

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002417800 nid=0x1580 runnable 

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002419000 nid=0x16d8 runnable 

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000000000241a800 nid=0x177c runnable 

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000000000241c800 nid=0x1974 runnable 

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x0000000018918000 nid=0x10dc waiting on condition 

JNI global references: 15

获取类直方图

/**
 * Provide class histogram as single String.
 *
 * @return Single string containing formatted class histogram.
 */
public String getHistogram()
{
   return invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand("gcClassHistogram", "GC Class Histogram");
}

num     #instances         #bytes  class name
----------------------------------------------
   1:          3485         243064  [C
   2:           467         124976  [B
   3:           992         104200  java.lang.Class
   4:          3452          82848  java.lang.String
   5:          1006          46744  [Ljava.lang.Object;
   6:           525          46200  java.lang.reflect.Method
   7:           309          22248  java.lang.reflect.Field
   8:           519          16608  java.util.HashMap$Node
   9:           326          11760  [Ljava.lang.String;
  10:           211           8968  [I
  11:           434           8312  [Ljava.lang.Class;
  12:            77           7416  [Ljava.util.HashMap$Node;
  13:           179           7160  java.lang.ref.SoftReference
  14:           101           5656  java.lang.Class$ReflectionData
  15:            73           4672  java.net.URL
  16:            97           4656  java.util.HashMap
  17:            89           4560  [Ljava.lang.reflect.Method;
  18:           189           4536  javax.management.ImmutableDescriptor
  19:           279           4464  java.lang.Integer
  20:           139           4448  java.util.Hashtable$Entry
  21:           105           4200  java.util.WeakHashMap$Entry
  22:           129           4128  java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$Node
  23:           128           4096  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.ConvertingMethod
  24:            90           3600  java.util.TreeMap$Entry
  25:            34           3360  [Ljava.util.WeakHashMap$Entry;
  26:             8           3008  java.lang.Thread
  27:            45           2880  javax.management.openmbean.OpenMBeanAttributeInfoSupport
  28:            87           2784  java.lang.ref.WeakReference
  29:           160           2560  java.lang.Object
  30:            49           2544  [Ljavax.management.MBeanAttributeInfo;
  31:           135           2536  [Lcom.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MXBeanMapping;
  32:            30           2400  java.lang.reflect.Constructor
  33:            48           2304  javax.management.MBeanInfo
  34:            49           1960  java.io.ObjectStreamField
  35:            60           1920  javax.management.MBeanAttributeInfo
  36:            46           1840  java.util.LinkedHashMap$Entry
  37:            38           1824  sun.util.locale.LocaleObjectCache$CacheEntry
  38:            44           1760  java.lang.ref.Finalizer
  39:            30           1752  [Ljava.lang.reflect.Field;
  40:            36           1728  sun.misc.URLClassPath$JarLoader
  41:             1           1712  [[B
  42:            40           1600  sun.management.DiagnosticCommandArgumentInfo
  43:            31           1488  java.util.WeakHashMap
  44:            60           1440  java.util.ArrayList
  45:            11           1392  [Ljava.util.Hashtable$Entry;
  46:            42           1344  java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue
  47:             2           1320  [J
  48:            10           1312  [Ljava.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap$Node;
  49:            26           1248  java.util.logging.LogManager$LoggerWeakRef
  50:            47           1120  [Ljavax.management.ObjectName$Property;
  51:             1           1040  [Ljava.lang.Integer;
  52:            39           1008  [Ljavax.management.MBeanOperationInfo;
  53:            24            960  javax.management.ObjectName
  54:            38            912  java.io.ExpiringCache$Entry
  55:            19            912  sun.management.DiagnosticCommandInfo
  56:            18            864  java.util.TreeMap
  57:            12            864  java.util.logging.Logger
  58:            35            840  javax.management.ObjectName$Property
  59:            15            840  javax.management.openmbean.ArrayType
  60:            20            800  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MXBeanSupport
  61:            20            800  javax.management.MBeanOperationInfo
  62:            14            784  sun.nio.cs.UTF_8$Encoder
  63:            32            768  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$IdentityMapping
  64:            12            768  java.util.jar.JarFile
  65:            19            760  sun.util.locale.BaseLocale$Key
  66:            15            720  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent
  67:            44            704  java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock
  68:            11            704  java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
  69:            21            672  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.WeakIdentityHashMap$IdentityWeakReference
  70:             7            672  java.util.jar.JarFile$JarFileEntry
  71:            12            672  java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInputStream
  72:            19            608  java.util.Locale
  73:            19            608  sun.management.DiagnosticCommandImpl$Wrapper
  74:            19            608  sun.util.locale.BaseLocale
  75:            18            576  javax.management.MBeanParameterInfo
  76:            10            560  java.util.LinkedHashMap
  77:            14            560  javax.management.openmbean.SimpleType
  78:            23            552  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.PerInterface$MethodAndSig
  79:            26            536  [Ljava.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  80:            22            528  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.NamedObject
  81:            22            528  sun.reflect.generics.tree.SimpleClassTypeSignature
  82:            13            520  java.security.AccessControlContext
  83:            16            512  java.util.logging.LogManager$LogNode
  84:            17            504  [Ljava.io.ObjectStreamField;
  85:             9            504  javax.management.openmbean.CompositeType
  86:            19            488  [Lsun.management.DiagnosticCommandArgumentInfo;
  87:            12            480  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.PerInterface
  88:            20            480  java.lang.Class$AnnotationData
  89:            20            480  java.util.Arrays$ArrayList
  90:            20            480  java.util.jar.Attributes$Name
  91:            19            456  [Ljavax.management.MBeanParameterInfo;
  92:            19            456  java.util.Locale$LocaleKey
  93:            14            448  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock$NonfairSync
  94:             8            448  javax.management.openmbean.OpenMBeanParameterInfoSupport
  95:            20            440  [Ljavax.management.MBeanNotificationInfo;
  96:            13            416  java.io.File
  97:            22            408  [Lsun.reflect.generics.tree.TypeArgument;
  98:            10            400  java.io.FileDescriptor
  99:            10            400  sun.reflect.UnsafeQualifiedStaticObjectFieldAccessorImpl
 100:             1            384  java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread
 101:             6            384  java.nio.DirectByteBuffer
 102:             8            384  java.util.Hashtable
 103:             1            384  java.util.logging.LogManager$Cleaner
 104:            12            384  java.util.zip.ZipCoder
 105:             1            376  java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler
 106:            15            360  javax.management.StandardMBean
 107:            22            352  sun.reflect.generics.tree.ClassTypeSignature
 108:             4            336  [D
 109:             7            336  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$CompositeMapping
 110:             6            336  java.nio.DirectLongBufferU
 111:            14            336  java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList
 112:             6            336  sun.management.MemoryPoolImpl
 113:            14            336  sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl
 114:            16            328  [Ljava.lang.management.PlatformComponent;
 115:             4            320  [S
 116:            13            312  java.lang.management.ManagementPermission
 117:             9            288  java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
 118:            12            288  java.util.ArrayDeque
 119:            12            288  java.util.Collections$SingletonList
 120:             9            288  java.util.logging.Level
 121:            12            288  sun.misc.MetaIndex
 122:             5            280  sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo
 123:             8            256  sun.misc.ProxyGenerator$PrimitiveTypeInfo
 124:             2            240  java.net.SocksSocketImpl
 125:             6            240  sun.management.MemoryPoolImpl$CollectionSensor
 126:             6            240  sun.management.MemoryPoolImpl$PoolSensor
 127:             6            240  sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository
 128:            14            224  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock
 129:            14            224  sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl
 130:            13            216  [Ljavax.management.MBeanConstructorInfo;
 131:             9            216  java.util.logging.Level$KnownLevel
 132:             9            216  sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger$Level
 133:            10            208  [Ljava.lang.reflect.Type;
 134:             5            200  java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary
 135:             6            192  java.util.Vector
 136:             8            192  sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory
 137:             6            192  sun.reflect.generics.tree.MethodTypeSignature
 138:             2            176  java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl
 139:             9            168  [Lsun.reflect.generics.tree.FieldTypeSignature;
 140:             3            168  javax.management.openmbean.OpenMBeanOperationInfoSupport
 141:             9            160  [Lsun.reflect.generics.tree.FormalTypeParameter;
 142:             5            160  java.io.FileInputStream
 143:             4            160  java.security.ProtectionDomain
 144:             5            160  javax.management.MBeanNotificationInfo
 145:             5            160  javax.management.StandardEmitterMBean
 146:             6            144  java.util.LinkedList$Node
 147:             3            144  java.util.Properties
 148:             6            144  sun.misc.PerfCounter
 149:             6            144  sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl
 150:             6            144  sun.reflect.generics.scope.MethodScope
 151:             4            128  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$ArrayMapping
 152:             2            128  java.io.ExpiringCache$1
 153:             4            128  java.security.CodeSource
 154:             8            128  java.util.HashSet
 155:             4            128  java.util.LinkedList
 156:             1            120  [[Ljava.lang.String;
 157:             5            120  sun.misc.FloatingDecimal$PreparedASCIIToBinaryBuffer
 158:             2            112  java.lang.Package
 159:             2            112  java.util.zip.ZipFile$ZipFileInflaterInputStream
 160:             1             96  [Ljava.lang.invoke.MethodType;
 161:             6             96  [Lsun.reflect.generics.tree.TypeSignature;
 162:             3             96  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$EnumMapping
 163:             4             96  java.lang.RuntimePermission
 164:             2             96  java.lang.ThreadGroup
 165:             6             96  java.lang.ThreadLocal
 166:             2             96  java.nio.HeapByteBuffer
 167:             4             96  java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableRandomAccessList
 168:             3             96  java.util.Stack
 169:             2             96  java.util.zip.Inflater
 170:             2             96  javax.management.openmbean.TabularType
 171:             2             96  sun.management.GarbageCollectorImpl
 172:             2             96  sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder
 173:             4             96  sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler
 174:             3             96  sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.TypeVariableImpl
 175:             3             96  sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository
 176:             1             88  sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader
 177:             1             88  sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader
 178:             1             80  [Ljava.lang.ThreadLocal$ThreadLocalMap$Entry;
 179:             1             80  [Ljava.lang.invoke.LambdaForm;
 180:             2             80  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$TabularMapping
 181:             2             80  java.io.BufferedWriter
 182:             2             80  java.io.ExpiringCache
 183:             2             80  java.lang.invoke.MethodType
 184:             2             80  java.util.IdentityHashMap
 185:             2             80  sun.management.MemoryManagerImpl
 186:             2             80  sun.misc.FloatingDecimal$BinaryToASCIIBuffer
 187:             2             80  sun.misc.URLClassPath
 188:             1             72  [Ljavax.management.openmbean.SimpleType;
 189:             3             72  java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy
 190:             1             72  java.lang.invoke.MethodTypeForm
 191:             3             72  java.net.InetAddress$InetAddressHolder
 192:             3             72  java.util.Collections$SynchronizedSet
 193:             1             72  java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger
 194:             3             72  sun.misc.FloatingDecimal$ExceptionalBinaryToASCIIBuffer
 195:             3             72  sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl
 196:             3             72  sun.reflect.generics.tree.ClassSignature
 197:             3             72  sun.reflect.generics.tree.FormalTypeParameter
 198:             1             64  [F
 199:             2             64  [Ljava.lang.Thread;
 200:             2             64  [Ljava.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 201:             4             64  [Ljava.security.Principal;
 202:             2             64  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$CollectionMapping
 203:             4             64  com.sun.proxy.$Proxy1
 204:             2             64  java.io.FileOutputStream
 205:             2             64  java.io.FilePermission
 206:             2             64  java.io.PrintStream
 207:             2             64  java.lang.ThreadLocal$ThreadLocalMap$Entry
 208:             2             64  java.lang.VirtualMachineError
 209:             2             64  java.lang.invoke.MethodType$ConcurrentWeakInternSet$WeakEntry
 210:             2             64  java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Null
 211:             2             64  java.lang.reflect.Proxy$Key1
 212:             2             64  java.lang.reflect.WeakCache$CacheValue
 213:             2             64  java.security.BasicPermissionCollection
 214:             2             64  java.security.Permissions
 215:             4             64  java.security.ProtectionDomain$Key
 216:             4             64  java.util.LinkedHashMap$LinkedValues
 217:             2             64  java.util.PropertyPermission
 218:             2             64  sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationType
 219:             1             56  [Ljava.lang.Runnable;
 220:             3             56  [Lsun.reflect.generics.tree.ClassTypeSignature;
 221:             1             56  [Lsun.util.logging.PlatformLogger$Level;
 222:             1             56  java.lang.invoke.MemberName
 223:             1             56  java.util.logging.LogManager
 224:             3             48  [Ljava.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 225:             2             48  [Ljava.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
 226:             1             48  [[Ljava.lang.Object;
 227:             2             48  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.ClassLoaderRepositorySupport$LoaderEntry
 228:             1             48  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory$Mappings
 229:             1             48  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanIntrospector$MBeanInfoMap
 230:             1             48  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanIntrospector$PerInterfaceMap
 231:             2             48  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.WeakIdentityHashMap
 232:             2             48  java.io.BufferedOutputStream
 233:             2             48  java.io.File$PathStatus
 234:             2             48  java.io.FilePermissionCollection
 235:             2             48  java.io.OutputStreamWriter
 236:             2             48  java.lang.StringBuilder
 237:             2             48  java.net.InetAddress
 238:             2             48  java.net.InetAddress$Cache
 239:             2             48  java.net.InetAddress$Cache$Type
 240:             2             48  java.nio.charset.CoderResult
 241:             3             48  java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction
 242:             1             48  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$FairSync
 243:             2             48  java.util.logging.Logger$LoggerBundle
 244:             2             48  java.util.zip.ZStreamRef
 245:             2             48  sun.management.ManagementFactoryHelper$1
 246:             2             48  sun.misc.NativeSignalHandler
 247:             2             48  sun.misc.Signal
 248:             1             48  sun.nio.cs.SingleByte$Decoder
 249:             3             48  sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl
 250:             2             48  sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope
 251:             2             40  [Lcom.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.ClassLoaderRepositorySupport$LoaderEntry;
 252:             1             40  [Ljava.lang.management.MemoryPoolMXBean;
 253:             1             40  com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor
 254:             1             40  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer
 255:             1             40  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanServerDelegateImpl
 256:             1             40  java.io.BufferedInputStream
 257:             1             40  sun.management.DiagnosticCommandImpl
 258:             1             40  sun.nio.cs.StandardCharsets$Aliases
 259:             1             40  sun.nio.cs.StandardCharsets$Cache
 260:             1             40  sun.nio.cs.StandardCharsets$Classes
 261:             1             40  sun.nio.cs.UTF_8$Decoder
 262:             1             32  [Ljava.lang.OutOfMemoryError;
 263:             2             32  [Ljava.lang.StackTraceElement;
 264:             1             32  [Ljava.lang.ThreadGroup;
 265:             1             32  [Ljava.lang.management.MemoryManagerMXBean;
 266:             1             32  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.Repository
 267:             1             32  java.io.WinNTFileSystem
 268:             1             32  java.lang.ArithmeticException
 269:             2             32  java.lang.Boolean
 270:             1             32  java.lang.NullPointerException
 271:             2             32  java.lang.Shutdown$Lock
 272:             1             32  java.lang.StringCoding$StringDecoder
 273:             1             32  java.lang.reflect.WeakCache
 274:             1             32  java.net.Socket
 275:             2             32  java.nio.ByteOrder
 276:             1             32  java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap
 277:             2             32  java.util.HashMap$EntrySet
 278:             1             32  java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater$AtomicReferenceFieldUpdaterImpl
 279:             1             32  java.util.logging.LogManager$SystemLoggerContext
 280:             1             32  javax.management.MBeanConstructorInfo
 281:             1             32  sun.management.MemoryImpl
 282:             2             32  sun.net.www.protocol.jar.Handler
 283:             1             32  sun.nio.cs.StandardCharsets
 284:             1             24  [Ljava.io.File$PathStatus;
 285:             1             24  [Ljava.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
 286:             1             24  [Ljava.net.InetAddress$Cache$Type;
 287:             1             24  [Ljava.net.InetSocketAddress;
 288:             1             24  [Ljava.security.ProtectionDomain;
 289:             1             24  [Lsun.launcher.LauncherHelper;
 290:             1             24  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.ClassLoaderRepositorySupport
 291:             1             24  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MXBeanLookup
 292:             1             24  com.sun.jmx.remote.util.ClassLogger
 293:             1             24  dustin.examples.diagnostics.VirtualMachineDiagnostics
 294:             1             24  java.lang.ThreadLocal$ThreadLocalMap
 295:             1             24  java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$NamedFunction
 296:             1             24  java.lang.invoke.MethodType$ConcurrentWeakInternSet
 297:             1             24  java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission
 298:             1             24  java.net.Inet4Address
 299:             1             24  java.net.Inet6AddressImpl
 300:             1             24  java.net.ServerSocket
 301:             1             24  java.util.BitSet
 302:             1             24  java.util.Collections$EmptyMap
 303:             1             24  java.util.Collections$SetFromMap
 304:             1             24  java.util.Locale$Cache
 305:             1             24  java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong
 306:             1             24  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock
 307:             1             24  java.util.jar.Manifest
 308:             1             24  java.util.logging.LogManager$LoggerContext
 309:             1             24  java.util.logging.LoggingPermission
 310:             1             24  javax.management.NotificationBroadcasterSupport
 311:             1             24  sun.launcher.LauncherHelper
 312:             1             24  sun.management.CompilationImpl
 313:             1             24  sun.management.OperatingSystemImpl
 314:             1             24  sun.management.RuntimeImpl
 315:             1             24  sun.management.ThreadImpl
 316:             1             24  sun.management.VMManagementImpl
 317:             1             24  sun.misc.JarIndex
 318:             1             24  sun.misc.URLClassPath$FileLoader
 319:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.ISO_8859_1
 320:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.MS1252
 321:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.ThreadLocalCoders$1
 322:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.ThreadLocalCoders$2
 323:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.US_ASCII
 324:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.UTF_16
 325:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.UTF_16BE
 326:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.UTF_16LE
 327:             1             24  sun.nio.cs.UTF_8
 328:             1             24  sun.util.locale.BaseLocale$Cache
 329:             1             16  [Ljava.lang.Throwable;
 330:             1             16  [Ljava.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
 331:             1             16  [Ljava.security.cert.Certificate;
 332:             1             16  [Ljava.util.logging.Handler;
 333:             1             16  com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain$1
 334:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor$ResourceContext$1
 335:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DefaultMXBeanMappingFactory
 336:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.DescriptorCache
 337:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanAnalyzer$MethodOrder
 338:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MBeanInstantiator
 339:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.MXBeanIntrospector
 340:             1             16  com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.SecureClassLoaderRepository
 341:             1             16  java.io.FileDescriptor$1
 342:             1             16  java.lang.ApplicationShutdownHooks$1
 343:             1             16  java.lang.CharacterDataLatin1
 344:             1             16  java.lang.Runtime
 345:             1             16  java.lang.String$CaseInsensitiveComparator
 346:             1             16  java.lang.System$2
 347:             1             16  java.lang.Terminator$1
 348:             1             16  java.lang.invoke.MemberName$Factory
 349:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$1
 350:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$10
 351:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$11
 352:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$12
 353:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$13
 354:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$14
 355:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$15
 356:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$2
 357:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$3
 358:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$4
 359:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$5
 360:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$6
 361:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$7
 362:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$8
 363:             1             16  java.lang.management.PlatformComponent$9
 364:             1             16  java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock
 365:             1             16  java.lang.reflect.Proxy$KeyFactory
 366:             1             16  java.lang.reflect.Proxy$ProxyClassFactory
 367:             1             16  java.lang.reflect.ReflectAccess
 368:             1             16  java.net.InetAddress$2
 369:             1             16  java.net.URLClassLoader$7
 370:             1             16  java.nio.Bits$1
 371:             1             16  java.nio.Bits$1$1
 372:             1             16  java.nio.charset.CoderResult$1
 373:             1             16  java.nio.charset.CoderResult$2
 374:             1             16  java.security.ProtectionDomain$1
 375:             1             16  java.security.ProtectionDomain$3
 376:             1             16  java.util.Collections$EmptyIterator
 377:             1             16  java.util.Collections$EmptyList
 378:             1             16  java.util.Collections$EmptySet
 379:             1             16  java.util.Collections$SingletonSet
 380:             1             16  java.util.HashMap$Values
 381:             1             16  java.util.Hashtable$EntrySet
 382:             1             16  java.util.WeakHashMap$KeySet
 383:             1             16  java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
 384:             1             16  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$ReadLock
 385:             1             16  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$Sync$ThreadLocalHoldCounter
 386:             1             16  java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock$WriteLock
 387:             1             16  java.util.jar.Attributes
 388:             1             16  java.util.jar.JavaUtilJarAccessImpl
 389:             1             16  java.util.logging.LoggingProxyImpl
 390:             1             16  java.util.zip.ZipFile$1
 391:             1             16  javax.management.JMX
 392:             1             16  javax.management.MBeanServerBuilder
 393:             1             16  javax.management.NotificationBroadcasterSupport$1
 394:             1             16  sun.management.ClassLoadingImpl
 395:             1             16  sun.management.HotSpotDiagnostic
 396:             1             16  sun.management.ManagementFactoryHelper$PlatformLoggingImpl
 397:             1             16  sun.misc.ASCIICaseInsensitiveComparator
 398:             1             16  sun.misc.FloatingDecimal$1
 399:             1             16  sun.misc.Launcher
 400:             1             16  sun.misc.Launcher$Factory
 401:             1             16  sun.misc.Perf
 402:             1             16  sun.misc.Unsafe
 403:             1             16  sun.net.www.protocol.file.Handler
 404:             1             16  sun.nio.ch.FileChannelImpl$1
 405:             1             16  sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory
 406:             1             16  sun.reflect.generics.tree.TypeVariableSignature
 407:             1             16  sun.util.calendar.Gregorian
Total         16267         885480

jcmd可用的某些子命令仅在使用-XX：+ UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions （在运行Java进程时指定）解锁诊断操作时才可用。如下面的代码列表和输出列表所示，对于DiagnosticCommandMBean对应对象而言，这是正确的。

访问班级统计

/**
 * Provide class statistics as single String.
 *
 * This is only supported when {@code -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions} is enabled.
 *
 * @return Single string containing formatted class statistics.
 */
public String getClassStatistics()
{
   return invokeNoStringArgumentsCommand("gcClassStats", "GC Class Statistics");
}

GC.class_stats command requires -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions

我尚未看到对DiagnosticCommandMBean一个jcmd子命令是用于生jcmd转储的命令（ jcmd的GC.heap_dump ）。据我所知，通过查看VisualVM和JConsole中的已公开操作以及查看由上述“帮助”操作列出的可用命令， DiagnosticCommandMBean没有公开任何等效操作。尽管DiagnosticCommandMBean似乎没有提供用于调用堆转储的操作，但是另一个MBean（对象名称为com.sun.management:type=HotSpotDiagnostic的com.sun.management.HotSpotDiagnostic）执行了操作“ dumpHeap”，并对此进行了演示在A. Sundararajan的博客文章“以编程方式从Java应用程序中转储堆 ”中。

结论

DiagnosticCommandMBean提供了jcmd的大部分功能，因此它使Java应用程序可以使用jcmd功能来针对自己运行该功能。

这篇文章中显示的代码清单可在GitHub上的类VirtualMachineDiagnostics 找到。我将来可能会添加或修改此类，但原始版本的代码与本文中所示的相同。

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2016/05/programmatic-jcmd-access.html

dnc8371

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