使用不可序列化的属性序列化Java对象

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-11 20:12:55 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-04-11 20:12:55 发布

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人们可能有多种原因想要使用自定义序列化而不是依赖Java的默认序列化。最常见的原因之一是为了提高性能，但是编写自定义序列化的另一个原因是不支持默认序列化机制。具体来说，如本博文所述，自定义序列化可用于允许将较大的对象序列化，即使该对象的属性本身不能直接序列化也是如此。

下一个代码清单显示了一个简单的类，该类用于将给定类序列化为提供名称的文件，并从该文件中反序列化对象。我将在本文中使用它来演示序列化。

SerializationDemonstrator.java

package dustin.examples.serialization;

import static java.lang.System.out;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

/**
 * Simple serialization/deserialization demonstrator.
 * 
 * @author Dustin
 */
public class SerializationDemonstrator
{
   /**
    * Serialize the provided object to the file of the provided name.
    * @param objectToSerialize Object that is to be serialized to file; it is
    *     best that this object have an individually overridden toString()
    *     implementation as that is used by this method for writing our status.
    * @param fileName Name of file to which object is to be serialized.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown if either provided parameter is null.
    */
   public static <T> void serialize(final T objectToSerialize, final String fileName)
   {
      if (fileName == null)
      {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "Name of file to which to serialize object to cannot be null.");
      }
      if (objectToSerialize == null)
      {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Object to be serialized cannot be null.");
      }
      try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
           ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos))
      {
         oos.writeObject(objectToSerialize);
         out.println("Serialization of Object " + objectToSerialize + " completed.");
      }
      catch (IOException ioException)
      {
         ioException.printStackTrace();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Provides an object deserialized from the file indicated by the provided
    * file name.
    * 
    * @param <T> Type of object to be deserialized.
    * @param fileToDeserialize Name of file from which object is to be deserialized.
    * @param classBeingDeserialized Class definition of object to be deserialized
    *    from the file of the provided name/path; it is recommended that this
    *    class define its own toString() implementation as that will be used in
    *    this method's status output.
    * @return Object deserialized from provided filename as an instance of the
    *    provided class; may be null if something goes wrong with deserialization.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown if either provided parameter is null.
    */
   public static <T> T deserialize(final String fileToDeserialize, final Class<T> classBeingDeserialized)
   {
      if (fileToDeserialize == null)
      {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot deserialize from a null filename.");
      }
      if (classBeingDeserialized == null)
      {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Type of class to be deserialized cannot be null.");
      }
      T objectOut = null;
      try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileToDeserialize);
           ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis))
      {
         objectOut = (T) ois.readObject();
         out.println("Deserialization of Object " + objectOut + " is completed.");
      }
      catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException exception)
      {
         exception.printStackTrace();
      }
      return objectOut;
   }
}

下一个代码清单说明了如何使用SerializationDemonstrator类对标准Java字符串（可序列化）进行序列化和反序列化。屏幕快照显示在代码清单之后，并通过SerializationDemonstrator类的serialize和deserialize serialize方法显示了运行String的输出（在NetBeans中）。

在字符串上运行SerializationDemonstrator方法

SerializationDemonstrator.serialize("Inspired by Actual Events", "string.dat");
final String stringOut = SerializationDemonstrator.deserialize("string.dat", String.class);

接下来的两个代码清单是针对Person.java类及其作为属性类型的一个类（ CityState.java ）。尽管Person实现了Serializable ，但CityAndState类没有实现。

人.java

package dustin.examples.serialization;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Person class.
 * 
 * @author Dustin
 */
public class Person implements Serializable
{
   private String lastName;
   private String firstName;
   private CityState cityAndState;

   public Person(
      final String newLastName, final String newFirstName,
      final CityState newCityAndState)
   {
      this.lastName = newLastName;
      this.firstName = newFirstName;
      this.cityAndState = newCityAndState;
   }

   public String getFirstName()
   {
      return this.firstName;
   }

   public String getLastName()
   {
      return this.lastName;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString()
   {
      return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + " of " + this.cityAndState;
   }
}

CityAndState.java

package dustin.examples.serialization;

/**
 * Simple class storing city and state names that is NOT Serializable.
 * 
 * @author Dustin
 */
public class CityState
{
   private final String cityName;
   private final String stateName;

   public CityState(final String newCityName, final String newStateName)
   {
      this.cityName = newCityName;
      this.stateName = newStateName;
   }

   public String getCityName()
   {
      return this.cityName;
   }

   public String getStateName()
   {
      return this.stateName;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString()
   {
      return this.cityName + ", " + this.stateName;
   }
}

下一个代码清单演示如何在具有不可序列化的CityState的可序列化Person类上运行SerializationDemonstrator 。代码清单后是NetBeans中输出的屏幕快照。

在具有不可序列化的CityState的可序列化人员上运行SerializationDemonstrator方法

final Person personIn = new Person("Flintstone", "Fred", new CityState("Bedrock", "Cobblestone"));
SerializationDemonstrator.serialize(personIn, "person.dat");

final Person personOut = SerializationDemonstrator.deserialize("person.dat", Person.class);

在这种情况下， CityState类是我自己的类，可以将其设置为Serializable。但是，假设该类是第三方框架或库的一部分，并且我无法更改该类本身，则可以将Person更改为使用自定义序列化和反序列化，并正确使用CityState 。这在适用于Person的类SerializablePerson的下一个代码清单中显示。

SerializablePerson.java

package dustin.examples.serialization;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Person class.
 * 
 * @author Dustin
 */
public class SerializablePerson implements Serializable
{
   private String lastName;
   private String firstName;
   private CityState cityAndState;

   public SerializablePerson(
      final String newLastName, final String newFirstName,
      final CityState newCityAndState)
   {
      this.lastName = newLastName;
      this.firstName = newFirstName;
      this.cityAndState = newCityAndState;
   }

   public String getFirstName()
   {
      return this.firstName;
   }

   public String getLastName()
   {
      return this.lastName;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString()
   {
      return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + " of " + this.cityAndState;
   }

   /**
    * Serialize this instance.
    * 
    * @param out Target to which this instance is written.
    * @throws IOException Thrown if exception occurs during serialization.
    */
   private void writeObject(final ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException
   {
      out.writeUTF(this.lastName);
      out.writeUTF(this.firstName);
      out.writeUTF(this.cityAndState.getCityName());
      out.writeUTF(this.cityAndState.getStateName());
   }
 
   /**
    * Deserialize this instance from input stream.
    * 
    * @param in Input Stream from which this instance is to be deserialized.
    * @throws IOException Thrown if error occurs in deserialization.
    * @throws ClassNotFoundException Thrown if expected class is not found.
    */
   private void readObject(final ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
   {
      this.lastName = in.readUTF();
      this.firstName = in.readUTF();
      this.cityAndState = new CityState(in.readUTF(), in.readUTF());
   }

   private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException
   {
      throw new InvalidObjectException("Stream data required");
   }
}

上面的代码清单显示SerializablePerson具有自定义的writeObject和readObject方法，以支持自定义的序列化/反序列化， CityState适当地处理其CityState序列化类型CityState属性。接下来显示用于通过SerializationDemonstrator运行该类的代码片段以及这样做的成功输出。

在SerializablePerson上运行SerializationDemonstrator

final SerializablePerson personIn = new SerializablePerson("Flintstone", "Fred", new CityState("Bedrock", "Cobblestone"));
SerializationDemonstrator.serialize(personIn, "person.dat");

final SerializablePerson personOut = SerializationDemonstrator.deserialize("person.dat", SerializablePerson.class);

上面描述的方法将允许将不可序列化的类型用作可序列化类的属性，而无需使那些字段处于瞬态状态。但是，如果前面显示的CityState实例需要在多个可序列化的类中使用，则最好使用可序列化的装饰器装饰CityState类，然后在需要序列化的类中使用该序列化的装饰器类。下一个代码清单显示SerializableCityState ，它用序列化的版本装饰CityState 。

SerializableCityState

package dustin.examples.serialization;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Simple class storing city and state names that IS Serializable. This class
 * decorates the non-Serializable CityState class and adds Serializability.
 * 
 * @author Dustin
 */
public class SerializableCityState implements Serializable
{
   private CityState cityState;

   public SerializableCityState(final String newCityName, final String newStateName)
   {
      this.cityState = new CityState(newCityName, newStateName);
   }

   public String getCityName()
   {
      return this.cityState.getCityName();
   }

   public String getStateName()
   {
      return this.cityState.getStateName();
   }

   @Override
   public String toString()
   {
      return this.cityState.toString();
   }

   /**
    * Serialize this instance.
    * 
    * @param out Target to which this instance is written.
    * @throws IOException Thrown if exception occurs during serialization.
    */
   private void writeObject(final ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException
   {
      out.writeUTF(this.cityState.getCityName());
      out.writeUTF(this.cityState.getStateName());
   }
 
   /**
    * Deserialize this instance from input stream.
    * 
    * @param in Input Stream from which this instance is to be deserialized.
    * @throws IOException Thrown if error occurs in deserialization.
    * @throws ClassNotFoundException Thrown if expected class is not found.
    */
   private void readObject(final ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
   {
      this.cityState = new CityState(in.readUTF(), in.readUTF());
   }

   private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException
   {
      throw new InvalidObjectException("Stream data required");
   }
}

可以直接在Person类中使用此可序列化的修饰器，并且封闭的Person可以使用默认序列化，因为其字段都是可序列化的。这显示在Person改编的Person2的下一个代码清单中。

Person2.java

package dustin.examples.serialization;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Person class.
 * 
 * @author Dustin
 */
public class Person2 implements Serializable
{
   private final String lastName;
   private final String firstName;
   private final SerializableCityState cityAndState;

   public Person2(
      final String newLastName, final String newFirstName,
      final SerializableCityState newCityAndState)
   {
      this.lastName = newLastName;
      this.firstName = newFirstName;
      this.cityAndState = newCityAndState;
   }

   public String getFirstName()
   {
      return this.firstName;
   }

   public String getLastName()
   {
      return this.lastName;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString()
   {
      return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + " of " + this.cityAndState;
   }
}

可以像下面的代码清单中所示那样执行该代码，然后在NetBeans输出窗口中看到其输出。

针对Person2 / SerializableCityState运行SerializationDemonstrator

final Person2 personIn = new Person2("Flintstone", "Fred", new SerializableCityState("Bedrock", "Cobblestone"));
SerializationDemonstrator.serialize(personIn, "person.dat");

final Person2 personOut = SerializationDemonstrator.deserialize("person.dat", Person2.class);