DataNucleus 3.0与Hibernate 3.5

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-24 09:31:56 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-24 09:31:56 发布

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文章标签：数据库 java spring 大数据 mysql

如官方产品站点所述， DataNucleus Access Platform是现有的最符合标准的开源Java持久性产品。它完全符合JDO1 ， JDO2 ， JDO2.1 ， JDO2.2 ， JDO3 ， JPA1和JPA2 Java标准。它还符合OGC简单功能规范，以将地理空间Java类型保留到RDBMS。它使用基于OSGi的插件机制，这意味着它是非常可扩展的。

如产品官方“关于”页面所述， Hibernate是一种高性能的对象/关系持久性和查询服务。 Hibernate是市场上最灵活，功能最强大的对象/关系解决方案，它负责从Java类到数据库表以及从Java数据类型到SQL数据类型的映射。它提供了数据查询和检索功能，大大减少了开发时间。

出于本文的目的，我们将使用上述众所周知的产品作为持久性API的实际实现。我们的目标是能够比较对数据库应用CRUD（创建-检索-更新-删除）操作时的性能。

为此，我们将实现两个不同的基于Spring的WEB应用程序，这些应用程序将充当我们的“测试基础”。这两个应用程序的服务和数据访问层定义（接口和实现类）将完全相同。对于数据访问，我们将利用JPA2作为Java Persistence API。对于数据库，我们将使用嵌入式Derby实例。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，我们将针对以下所述的五个“基本”数据访问操作实施并执行相同的性能测试：

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所有测试均针对具有以下特征的Sony Vaio进行：

系统：openSUSE 11.1（x86_64）
处理器（CPU）：Intel（R）Core（TM）2 Duo CPU T6670 @ 2.20GHz
处理器速度：1,200.00 MHz
总内存（RAM）：2.8 GB
Java：OpenJDK 1.6.0_0 64位

使用以下工具：

Spring框架3.0.1
Apache Derby 10.6.1.0
休眠 3.5.1
DataNucleus 3.0.0-m1
c3p0 0.9.1.2
Brent Boyer的Java Benchmarking框架

最终通知：

您可以在此处和此处下载两个“测试基础”的完整源代码。这些是基于Eclipse – Maven的项目。
为了能够自己编译和运行测试，您需要将Java Benchmarking框架二进制– jar文件安装到Maven存储库。另外，作为“一键式”解决方案，您可以使用我们创建的Java Benchmarking Maven软件包。您可以从此处下载它，然后将其解压缩到您的Maven存储库中，一切都很好。

“测试基地”…

我们将首先提供有关如何实施“测试基础”项目的信息。为了使我们的测试所针对的环境的细节清晰明了，这势在必行。如前所述，我们已经实现了两个基于Spring的多层WEB应用程序。在每个应用程序中，已经实现了两层，即服务层和数据访问层。这些层具有相同的定义-接口和实现细节。

我们的领域模型仅包含一个“雇员”对象。服务层提供了一个简单的“业务”服务，该服务公开了“员工”对象的CRUD（创建-检索-更新-删除）功能，而数据访问层则包括一个简单的数据访问对象，该对象利用Spring JpaDaoSupport抽象来提供与数据库的实际互操作性。

以下是数据访问层特定的类：

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus.dto.EmployeeDTO;


@Repository("employeeDAO")
public class EmployeeDAO extends JpaDAO<Long, EmployeeDTO> {
 
 @Autowired
 EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
 
 @PostConstruct
 public void init() {
  super.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory);
 }
 
}

如您所见，我们的数据访问对象（DAO）扩展了JpaDAO类。该课程如下：

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;
import javax.persistence.Query;

import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaCallback;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.JpaDaoSupport;

public abstract class JpaDAO<K, E> extends JpaDaoSupport {
 protected Class<E> entityClass;

 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 public JpaDAO() {
  ParameterizedType genericSuperclass = (ParameterizedType) getClass()
    .getGenericSuperclass();
  this.entityClass = (Class<E>) genericSuperclass
    .getActualTypeArguments()[1];
 }

 public void persist(E entity) {
  getJpaTemplate().persist(entity);
 }

 public void remove(E entity) {
  getJpaTemplate().remove(entity);
 }
 
 public E merge(E entity) {
  return getJpaTemplate().merge(entity);
 }
 
 public void refresh(E entity) {
  getJpaTemplate().refresh(entity);
 }

 public E findById(K id) {
  return getJpaTemplate().find(entityClass, id);
 }
 
 public E flush(E entity) {
  getJpaTemplate().flush();
  return entity;
 }
 
 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 public List<E> findAll() {
  Object res = getJpaTemplate().execute(new JpaCallback() {

   public Object doInJpa(EntityManager em) throws PersistenceException {
    Query q = em.createQuery("SELECT h FROM " +
      entityClass.getName() + " h");
    return q.getResultList();
   }
   
  });
  
  return (List<E>) res;
 }

 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 public Integer removeAll() {
  return (Integer) getJpaTemplate().execute(new JpaCallback() {

   public Object doInJpa(EntityManager em) throws PersistenceException {
    Query q = em.createQuery("DELETE FROM " +
      entityClass.getName() + " h");
    return q.executeUpdate();
   }
   
  });
 }
 
}

以下是我们的域类EmployeeDTO类：

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "EMPLOYEE")
public class EmployeeDTO implements java.io.Serializable {
 
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 7440297955003302414L;

 @Id
 @Column(name="employee_id")
 private long employeeId;
 
 @Column(name="employee_name", nullable = false, length=30)
 private String employeeName;
 
 @Column(name="employee_surname", nullable = false, length=30)
 private String employeeSurname;
 
 @Column(name="job", length=50)
 private String job;
  
 public EmployeeDTO() {
 }

 public EmployeeDTO(int employeeId) {
  this.employeeId = employeeId;  
 }

 public EmployeeDTO(long employeeId, String employeeName, String employeeSurname,
   String job) {
  this.employeeId = employeeId;
  this.employeeName = employeeName;
  this.employeeSurname = employeeSurname;
  this.job = job;
 }

 public long getEmployeeId() {
  return employeeId;
 }

 public void setEmployeeId(long employeeId) {
  this.employeeId = employeeId;
 }

 public String getEmployeeName() {
  return employeeName;
 }

 public void setEmployeeName(String employeeName) {
  this.employeeName = employeeName;
 }

 public String getEmployeeSurname() {
  return employeeSurname;
 }

 public void setEmployeeSurname(String employeeSurname) {
  this.employeeSurname = employeeSurname;
 }

 public String getJob() {
  return job;
 }

 public void setJob(String job) {
  this.job = job;
 }
}

最后但并非最不重要的是，下面提供了“业务”服务接口和实现类：

import java.util.List;

import com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus.dto.EmployeeDTO;

public interface EmployeeService {
 
 public EmployeeDTO findEmployee(long employeeId);
 public List<EmployeeDTO> findAllEmployees();
 public void saveEmployee(long employeeId, String name, String surname, String jobDescription) throws Exception;
 public void updateEmployee(long employeeId, String name, String surname, String jobDescription) throws Exception;
 public void saveOrUpdateEmployee(long employeeId, String name, String surname, String jobDescription) throws Exception;
 public void deleteEmployee(long employeeId) throws Exception;
 
}

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus.dao.EmployeeDAO;
import com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus.dto.EmployeeDTO;
import com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus.services.EmployeeService;

@Service("employeeService")
public class EmployeeServiceImpl implements EmployeeService {
 
 @Autowired
 private EmployeeDAO employeeDAO;

 @PostConstruct
 public void init() throws Exception {
 }
 
 @PreDestroy
 public void destroy() {
 }

 public EmployeeDTO findEmployee(long employeeId) {
  
  return employeeDAO.findById(employeeId);
  
 }
 
 public List<EmployeeDTO> findAllEmployees() {
  
  return employeeDAO.findAll();
  
 }
 
 @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor=Exception.class)
 public void saveEmployee(long employeeId, String name, String surname, String jobDescription) throws Exception {
   
  EmployeeDTO employeeDTO = employeeDAO.findById(employeeId);
  
  if(employeeDTO == null) {
   employeeDTO = new EmployeeDTO(employeeId, name,surname, jobDescription);
   employeeDAO.persist(employeeDTO);
  }
  
 }
 
 @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor=Exception.class)
 public void updateEmployee(long employeeId, String name, String surname, String jobDescription) throws Exception {
  
  EmployeeDTO employeeDTO = employeeDAO.findById(employeeId);
  
  if(employeeDTO != null) {
   employeeDTO.setEmployeeName(name);
   employeeDTO.setEmployeeSurname(surname);
   employeeDTO.setJob(jobDescription);
  }

 }
 
 @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor=Exception.class)
 public void deleteEmployee(long employeeId) throws Exception {
  
  EmployeeDTO employeeDTO = employeeDAO.findById(employeeId);
  
  if(employeeDTO != null)
   employeeDAO.remove(employeeDTO);

 }
 
 @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor=Exception.class)
 public void saveOrUpdateEmployee(long employeeId, String name, String surname, String jobDescription) throws Exception {

  EmployeeDTO employeeDTO = new EmployeeDTO(employeeId, name,surname, jobDescription);
  
  employeeDAO.merge(employeeDTO);
  
 }

}

接下来是驱动Spring IoC容器的“ applicationContext.xml”文件。在两个“测试基础”项目之间，该文件的内容也相同。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
 xsi:schemaLocation="
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd">

 <context:component-scan base-package="com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus" />

 <tx:annotation-driven />

 <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">
  <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="MyPersistenceUnit" />
 </bean>

 <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
  <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
 </bean>

</beans>

为了能够从Servlet容器启动Spring应用程序（别忘了我们已经实现了基于Spring的WEB应用程序），我们在两个“测试基础”应用程序的“ web.xml”文件中都包含了以下侦听器：

<listener>
 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

这两个“测试基础”项目之间唯一不同的文件是定义要使用的Java持久性API（JPA）的实际实现的文件-“ persistence.xml”文件。以下是我们用来利用DataNucleus Access Platform的平台：

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
 version="2.0">
 
 <persistence-unit name="MyPersistenceUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
  <provider>org.datanucleus.api.jpa.PersistenceProviderImpl</provider>
  <class>com.javacodegeeks.springdatanucleus.dto.EmployeeDTO</class>
  <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
  <properties>
   <property name="datanucleus.storeManagerType" value="rdbms"/>
   <property name="datanucleus.ConnectionDriverName"  value="org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"/>
   <property name="datanucleus.ConnectionURL" value="jdbc:derby:runtime;create=true"/>
   <!-- 
   <property name="datanucleus.ConnectionUserName" value=""/>
   <property name="datanucleus.ConnectionPassword" value=""/>
   -->
   <property name="datanucleus.autoCreateSchema" value="true"/>
   <property name="datanucleus.validateTables" value="false"/>
   <property name="datanucleus.validateConstraints" value="false"/>

   <property name="datanucleus.connectionPoolingType" value="C3P0"/>
   <property name="datanucleus.connectionPool.minPoolSize" value="5" />
   <property name="datanucleus.connectionPool.initialPoolSize" value="5" />
   <property name="datanucleus.connectionPool.maxPoolSize" value="20" />
   <property name="datanucleus.connectionPool.maxStatements" value="50" />
  </properties>
 </persistence-unit>
 
</persistence>

接下来是用于将Hibernate用作JPA2实现框架的“ persistence.xml”文件：

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
 version="2.0">
 
 <persistence-unit name="MyPersistenceUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
  <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.hibernatePersistence</provider>
  <class>com.javacodegeeks.springhibernate.dto.EmployeeDTO</class>
  <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
  <properties>
   <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />
   <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="false" />
   <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.DerbyDialect" />
   <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver" />
   <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:derby:runtime;create=true" />
   <!-- 
   <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="" />
   <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="" />
   -->

   <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size" value="5" />
   <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size" value="20" />
   <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout" value="300" />
   <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements" value="50" />
   <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period" value="3000" />
  </properties>
 </persistence-unit>
 
</persistence>

最后，我们演示实现所有要执行的测试用例的类。这两个“测试基础”项目的类是相同的：

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import bb.util.Benchmark;

import com.javacodegeeks.springhibernate.dto.EmployeeDTO;
import com.javacodegeeks.springhibernate.services.EmployeeService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml"})
public class EmployeeServiceTest {

 @Autowired
 EmployeeService employeeService;
 
 @Test
 public void testSaveEmployee() {
  try {
   employeeService.saveEmployee(1, "byron", "kiourtzoglou", "master software engineer");
   employeeService.saveEmployee(2, "ilias", "tsagklis", "senior software engineer");
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }
 }
 
 @Test
 public void testFindEmployee() {
  assertNotNull(employeeService.findEmployee(1));
 }
 
 @Test
 public void testFindAllEmployees() {
  assertEquals(employeeService.findAllEmployees().size(), 2);
 }

 @Test
 public void testUpdateEmployee() {
  try {
   employeeService.updateEmployee(1, "panagiotis", "paterakis", "senior software engineer");
   assertEquals(employeeService.findEmployee(1).getEmployeeName(), "panagiotis");
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }
 }

 @Test
 public void testDeleteEmployee() {
  try {
   employeeService.deleteEmployee(1);
   assertNull(employeeService.findEmployee(1));
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }
 }

 @Test
 public void testSaveOrUpdateEmployee() {
  try {
   employeeService.saveOrUpdateEmployee(1, "byron", "kiourtzoglou", "master software engineer");
   assertEquals(employeeService.findEmployee(1).getEmployeeName(), "byron");
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }
 }
 
 @Test
 public void stressTestSaveEmployee() {
  
     Callable<Integer> task = new Callable<Integer>() { 
      public Integer call() throws Exception {
       int i;
       for(i = 3;i < 2048; i++) {
     employeeService.saveEmployee(i, "name-" + i, "surname-" + i, "developer-" + i);
       }
       return i;
      }
     };
      
     try {
   System.out.println("saveEmployee(...): " + new Benchmark(task, false, 2045));
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }

  assertNotNull(employeeService.findEmployee(1024));
  
 }
 
 @Test
 public void stressTestFindEmployee() {
  
     Callable<Integer> task = new Callable<Integer>() { 
      public Integer call() { 
       int i;
       for(i = 1;i < 2048; i++) {
        employeeService.findEmployee(i);
       }
       return i;
      }
     };
      
     try {
   System.out.println("findEmployee(...): " + new Benchmark(task, 2047));
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }

 }
 
 @Test
 public void stressTestFindAllEmployees() {
  
     Callable<List<EmployeeDTO>> task = new Callable<List<EmployeeDTO>>() { 
      public List<EmployeeDTO> call() {
       return employeeService.findAllEmployees();
      }
     };
      
     try {
   System.out.println("findAllEmployees(): " + new Benchmark(task));
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }

 }
 
 @Test
 public void stressTestUpdateEmployee() {
  
     Callable<Integer> task = new Callable<Integer>() { 
      public Integer call() throws Exception { 
       int i;
       for(i=1;i<2048;i++) {
        employeeService.updateEmployee(i, "new_name-" + i, "new_surname-" + i, "new_developer-" + i);
       }
       return i;
      }
     };
      
     try {
   System.out.println("updateEmployee(...): " + new Benchmark(task, false, 2047));
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }
  
  assertEquals("new_name-1", employeeService.findEmployee(1).getEmployeeName());

 }
 
 @Test
 public void stressTestDeleteEmployee() {
  
     Callable<Integer> task = new Callable<Integer>() { 
      public Integer call() throws Exception {
       int i;
       for(i = 1;i < 2048; i++) {
     employeeService.deleteEmployee(i);
       }
       return i;
      }
     };
      
     try {
   System.out.println("deleteEmployee(...): " + new Benchmark(task, false, 2047));
  } catch (Exception e) {
   fail(e.getMessage());
  }
  
  assertEquals(true, employeeService.findAllEmployees().isEmpty());

 }

}

结果 …

下图显示了所有测试结果。纵轴表示每个测试的平均执行时间（以微秒（us）为单位），因此值越低越好。横轴表示测试类型。从上面的测试案例中可以看到，我们在数据库中插入了总数为2047个“员工”记录。对于检索测试用例（findEmployee（…）和findAllEmployees（…）），基准测试框架对每个测试用例进行了60次重复，以计算统计数据。所有其他测试用例仅执行一次。