各地区WLAN频段分配

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List of WLAN channels

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This list of WLAN channels is the set of legally allowed wireless local area network channels using IEEE 802.11 protocols, mostly sold under the trademark Wi-Fi.

The 802.11 workgroup currently documents use in five distinct frequency ranges: 2.4 GHz, 3.6 GHz, 4.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.9 GHzbands.^[1] Each range is divided into a multitude of channels. Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. In some countries, such as the United States, licensedAmateur Radio operators may use some of the channels at much higher power for long distance wireless access.

2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n)[edit]

Graphical representation of 2.4 GHz band channels overlapping

Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band

There are 14 channels designated in the 2.4 GHz range spaced 5 MHz apart (with the exception of a 12 MHz spacing before channel 14).^[2]

Note that for 802.11g/n it is not possible to guarantee orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) operation thus affecting the number of possible non-overlapping channels depending on radio operation.^[3]

Interference concerns[edit]

As the protocol requires 16.25 to 22 MHz of channel separation (as shown above), adjacent channels overlap and will interfere with each other. Leaving 3 or 4 channels clear between used channels is recommended to avoid interference.^[4] The exact spacing required depends on the protocol and data rate selected as well as the electromagnetic environment where the equipment is used..

When two or more 802.11b transmitters are operated in the same airspace, their signals must be attenuated by -50dBr and/or separated by 22 MHz to prevent interference.^[2] This is due to fact that the DSSS algorithm transmits data logarithmically along a 20 MHz bandwidth. The remaining 2 MHz gap is used as aguard band to allow sufficient attenuation along the edge channels.

Note: The 40 MHz bands in the diagram above are labelled with their centre channel numbers, the management interface of many Wi-Fi devices labels these bands with the centre channel of one of the 20 MHz bands they overlap plus an Up or Down notation to specify the other half of the band i.e.: Channel 3 = Channel 1+Upper, or Channel5+Lower and Channel 11 = Channel 9+Upper or Channel 13+Lower.

Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.

Channel	Frequency (MHz)	North America [5]	Japan[5]	Most of world [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
1	2412	Yes	Yes	YesD
2	2417	Yes	Yes	YesD
3	2422	Yes	Yes	YesD
4	2427	Yes	Yes	YesD
5	2432	Yes	Yes	Yes
6	2437	Yes	Yes	Yes
7	2442	Yes	Yes	Yes
8	2447	Yes	Yes	Yes
9	2452	Yes	Yes	Yes
10	2457	Yes	Yes	Yes
11	2462	Yes	Yes	Yes
12	2467	NoB	Yes	Yes
13	2472	NoB	Yes	Yes
14	2484	No	11b onlyC	No

^B In the USA, 802.11 operation in the channels 12 and 13 is actually allowed under low powered conditions. The 2.4 GHz Part 15 band in the US allows spread-spectrum operation as long as the 50 dB bandwidth of the signal is within the range of 2,400–2,483.5 MHz^[12] which wholly encompasses both channels 12 and 13. A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) document clarifies that only channel 14 is forbidden and furthermore low-power transmitters with low-gain antennas may legally operate in channels 12 and 13.^[13] However, channels 12 and 13 are not normally used in order to avoid any potential interference in the adjacent restricted frequency band, 2,483.5–2,500 MHz,^[14] which is subject to strict emission limits set out in 47 CFR §15.205.^[15]

In Canada, 12 channels are available for use, 11 of which at full power and the other (channel 12) is transmit power limited. However, few devices have a method to enable a lower powered channel 12^[opinion].

^C Channel 14 is valid only forDSSS and CCK modes (Clause 18 a.k.a. 802.11b) in Japan. OFDM (i.e., 802.11g) may not be used. (IEEE 802.11-2007 §19.4.2)

^D Outdoor use of channels 1–4 is not allowed in Israel, although indoor use is permitted.^[16]

3.6 GHz (802.11y)[edit]

Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008

This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States. Please seeIEEE 802.11y for details.

Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges.

A 40 MHz band is available from 3655–3695 MHz. It may be divided into 8 5 MHz channels, 4 10 MHz channels,or 2 20 MHz channels, as follows:

Channel	Frequency (MHz)	United States
		5 MHz	10 MHz	20 MHz
131	3657.5	Yes	No	No
132	3660.0	No	Yes
	3662.5	Yes	No
133	3665.0	No		Yes
			No
	3667.5	Yes		No
134	3670.0	No	Yes
	3672.5	Yes	No
135	3675.0	No
			No	No
	3677.5	Yes
136	3680.0	No	Yes
	3682.5	Yes	No
137	3685.0	No		Yes
			No
	3687.5	Yes		No
138	3690.0	No	Yes
	3692.5	Yes	No

4.9 GHz (802.11y) Public Safety WLAN[edit]

50 MHz of spectrum from 4940 MHz to 4990 MHz (WLAN channels 20–26) are in use by public safety entities in the United States. Within this spectrum space, there are two non-overlapping channels allocated, both with a width of 20 MHz. The most commonly used channels are 22 and 26.

5 GHz (802.11a/h/j/n/ac)^[17][edit]

This section is outdated.Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(June 2014)

Countries apply their own regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time.

European standard EN 301 893 covers 5.15–5.725 GHz operation, and v1.8.1 is in force.^[18]

In 2007 the FCC (United States) began requiring that devices operating on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz must employdynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities. This is to avoid interference with weather-radar and military applications.^[19] In 2010, the FCC further clarified the use of channels in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band to avoid interference with Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) systems.^[20] This statement eliminated the use of channels 120, 124, and 128. Channels 116 and 132 may be used, so long as they are separated by more than 30 MHz (center-to-center) from a TDWR located within 35 km of the device. There are now at least five relevant entries in the FCC Knowledge Database (KDB) about operation in 5 GHz radar bands.

Germany requires dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz as well, in addition the frequency range 5.150–5.350 GHz is only allowed for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725 GHz for outdoor and indoor use.^[21]

Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.^[22][23]

Austria adopted Decision 2005/513/EC directly into national law.^[24] The same restrictions as in Germany apply, only 5.470–5.5725 GHz is allowed to be used outdoor and indoor.

South Africa simply copied the European regulations.^[25]

Japan no longer allows 34, 38, 42, and 46 channels for connecting J52 supported old APs. Authorization to use these channels expired in May 2012.

In Brazil, the TPC use in 5.150–5.725 GHz band is optional. DFS is required only in 5.470–5.725 GHz band.^[10]

Australian DFS channels also require TPC, or the maximum allowed power is cut in half.^[9] As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).

New Zealand regulation differs from Australian; see [1] for details.

Singapore requires dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz above 100mW (e.i.r.p.) and below or equal to 200mW (e.i.r.p.), and requires dynamic frequency selection (DFS) capability on 5.250–5.350 GHz below or equal to 100mW (e.i.r.p.). In addition, 5.150–5.350 GHz is only allowed for indoor use.^[26]

Channel	Frequency (MHz)	United States & Canada	Europe	Switzerland[27][28][29]	Japan		Singapore	China	Israel	Korea	Turkey	Australia	South Africa	Brazil	Taiwan	New Zealand
		40/20 MHz[30]	40/20 MHz[citation needed]	Unknown MHz[citation needed]	40/20 MHz[31]	10 MHz	40/20 MHz[32]	40/20 MHz[33]	20 MHz[8]	20 MHz[34]	40/20 MHz[35]	40/20 MHz[9]	40/20 MHz[25]	40/20 MHz[10]	40/20 MHz[36]	40/20 MHz[37]
7	5035	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
8	5040	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
9	5045	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
11	5055	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
12	5060	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
16	5080	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
34	5170	No	No	Indoors	Client only [clarification needed]	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Indoors	No	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
36	5180	Yes [38]	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
38	5190	No	No	Indoors	Client only	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	No	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
40	5200	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
42	5210	No	No	Indoors	Client only	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	No	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
44	5220	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
46	5230	No	No	Indoors	Client only	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	No	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
48	5240	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Indoors	Yes	Indoors	Indoors	No	Indoors
52	5260	DFS	Indoors/DFS/TPC	Indoors/DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200mW)	Indoors/DFS/TPC	No	Indoors/DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	Yes	Indoors	DFS/TPC	Indoors	Indoors	No	DFS/TPC
56	5280	DFS	Indoors/DFS/TPC	Indoors/DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200mW)	Indoors/DFS/TPC	No	Indoors/DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	Yes	Indoors	DFS/TPC	Indoors	Indoors	Yes	DFS/TPC
60	5300	DFS	Indoors/DFS/TPC	Indoors/DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200mW)	Indoors/DFS/TPC	No	Indoors/DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	Yes	Indoors	DFS/TPC	Indoors	Indoors	Yes	DFS/TPC
64	5320	DFS	Indoors/DFS/TPC	Indoors/DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 100mW instead of 200mW)	Indoors/DFS/TPC	No	Indoors/DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	Yes	Indoors	DFS/TPC	Indoors	Indoors	Yes	DFS/TPC
100	5500	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
104	5520	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
108	5540	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
112	5560	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
116	5580	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
120	5600	DFS[39]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	No	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
124	5620	DFS[39]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	No	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
128	5640	DFS[39]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	Yes	DFS/TPC	No	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
132	5660	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	No	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
136	5680	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	No	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
140	5700	DFS[20]	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC (otherwise limited to 500mW instead of 1W)	DFS/TPC	No	No	No	No	No	DFS/TPC	DFS/TPC	Yes	DFS	Yes	DFS/TPC
149	5745	Yes	in study, SRD (25 mW)[40]	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
153	5765	Yes	in study, SRD (25 mW)[40]	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
157	5785	Yes	in study, SRD (25 mW)[40]	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
161	5805	Yes	in study, SRD (25 mW)[40]	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
165	5825	Yes	in study, SRD (25 mW)[40]	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	183	4915	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
184	4920	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
185	4925	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
187	4935	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
188	4940	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
189	4945	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
192	4960	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
196	4980	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

In Japan, authorization to use channels 34, 38, 42 and 46 expired in May 2012, seven years after channels 36, 40, 44 and 48 were initially allowed. ARIB STD T-71v5_2 clause 5.3.8.3.3 lists permitted channels.

China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of Dec 31 2012 to add UNII-1, 5150 ~ 5250 MHz, UNII-2, 5250 ~ 5350 MHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.^[41]

5.9 GHz (802.11p)[edit]

The 802.11p amendment, also known as Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), published on July 15, 2010, specifies WLAN in the licensedIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) band of 5.9 GHz (5.850-5.925 GHz).^[42] The 802.11p standard is intended for use in vehicular communication systems.

60 GHz (802.11ad)[edit]

The 802.11ad, also known as WiGig. This operates in 60 GHz ISM band.

900 MHz (802.11ah)[edit]

802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands.

See also[edit]

• Electromagnetic interference at 2.4 GHz
• High Speed Multimedia Radio
• List of WLAN frames
• Wireless LAN

References[edit]

• "Regulatory Database".Linux Wireless.  — An online database of allowed frequencies used by Linux 802.11 subsystem.

• "FCC Regulations Update".Cisco.  — Dynamic Frequency Selection for 5 GHz WLAN in the US and Canada.

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