装饰器模式

装饰器模式允许向一个现有的对象添加新的功能又不改变其结构。创建一个装饰类，用来包装原有的类，并在保持类方法签名完整性的前提下，提供了额外的功能。装饰器模式的优点是装饰类和被装饰类可以独立发展，不会互相耦合，装饰模式是继承的替代方式，可以动态扩展一个实现类的功能。

1. 创建Shape接口及其实现类；

public interface Shape {
    void draw();
}

public class Rectangle implements Shape {
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("矩形");
   }
}

public class Circle implements Shape {
    @Override
    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("圆形");
    }
}

2. 创建Shape接口的抽象装饰类及其实现；

public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
   protected Shape decoratedShape;
 
   public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
      this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
   }
 
   public void draw(){
      decoratedShape.draw();
   }  
}

public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {
 
   public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
      super(decoratedShape);     
   }
 
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      decoratedShape.draw();         
      setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
   }
 
   private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape){
      System.out.println("Border Color: Red");
   }
}

3. 创建启动类，测试结果。

public class DecoratorInstance {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shape circle = new Circle();
        Shape redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(circle);
        System.out.println("Circle with normal border:");
        circle.draw();
        System.out.println("Circle with red border:");
        redCircle.draw();
    }
}