解决ABA问题
一、ABA问题简述
在使用无锁CAS的时候,一个线程会先获取变量的值,比较的时候再获取内存中的值,如果一致就表示没有被其他线程修改过,然后就执行交换操作,但是如果一个线程修改了,然后另一个线程又修改为原来的值,这个时候一比较还是一样的。也就是说线程无法感知变量是否被修改过。
二、解决方法
使用AtomicStampedReference
和版本号解决ABA问题,当前线程可以感知到值是否发生变化。
@Slf4j(topic = "c.atomicStampedReference")
public class AtmoicStampedRefInstance {
private static AtomicStampedReference<String> ref = new AtomicStampedReference<>("A", 0);
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
log.info("main start...");
String prev = ref.getReference();
int stamp = ref.getStamp();
log.info("{}", stamp);
other();
Thread.sleep(1000);
//其他线程已经修改过了,CAS会失败,除了比较值还会比较版本号
log.info("{}", stamp);
log.info("change A->C {}", ref.compareAndSet(prev, "C", stamp, stamp + 1));
}
private static void other() throws InterruptedException {
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = ref.getStamp();
log.info("{}", stamp);
log.info("change A->B {}", ref.compareAndSet(prev, "B", stamp, stamp + 1));
}, "t1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = ref.getStamp();
log.info("{}", stamp);
log.info("change B->A {}", ref.compareAndSet(prev, "A", stamp, stamp + 1));
}, "t2").start();
}
}
三、源码解析
/**
* 维护了一个对象引用以及一个整型变量stamp
*/
public class AtomicStampedReference<V> {
private static class Pair<T> {
final T reference;
final int stamp;
private Pair(T reference, int stamp) {
this.reference = reference;
this.stamp = stamp;
}
static <T> Pair<T> of(T reference, int stamp) {
return new Pair<T>(reference, stamp);
}
}
private volatile Pair<V> pair;
/**
* 使用给定的初始值来创建一个新的对象
*/
public AtomicStampedReference(V initialRef, int initialStamp) {
pair = Pair.of(initialRef, initialStamp);
}
/**
* 返回引用对象的当前值
*/
public V getReference() {
return pair.reference;
}
/**
* 返回stamp的当前值
*/
public int getStamp() {
return pair.stamp;
}
/**
* 如果当前引用与期望的引用相同并且当前的stamp与期望的stamp相同,更新引用与stamp
* @param expectedReference 期望的引用值
* @param newReference 引用的新值
* @param expectedStamp 期望的stamp值
* @param newStamp 新的stamp值
* @return 成功返回true
*/
public boolean compareAndSet(V expectedReference,
V newReference,
int expectedStamp,
int newStamp) {
Pair<V> current = pair;
return
expectedReference == current.reference &&
expectedStamp == current.stamp &&
((newReference == current.reference &&
newStamp == current.stamp) ||
casPair(current, Pair.of(newReference, newStamp)));
}
//...
}