Python实现邮件收发

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 06:09:34 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dolly_baby/article/details/130478596

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Python实现邮件收发

一、发送邮件

SMTP是邮件发送协议，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart, MIMEBase
import smtplib

def _format_addr(s):
    name, addr = parseaddr(s)
    return formataddr((Header(name, 'utf-8').encode(), addr))

# email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件
from_addr = input('From:')
passwd = input('Password:')
to_addr = input('To:')
smtp_server = input('SMTP server:')
# 创建一个纯文本邮件
msg = MIMEText('你好，这是使用Python发送的测试邮件', 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者<%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员<%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候', 'utf-8').encode()
server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
# 创建安全连接
server.starttls()
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr, passwd) 
server.sendmail(from_server, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
server.quit()

# 发送HTML邮件
msg = MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
    '<p>send by <a href="http://www.python.org">Python</a>...</p>' +
    '</body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8')

# 发送带附件邮件
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = _format_addr('Python爱好者<%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To'] = _format_addr('管理员<%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject'] = Header('来自SMTP的问候', 'utf-8').encode()
msg.attach(MIMEText('send with file...', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
with open('/Users/test.png', 'rb') as f:
    mime = MIMEBase('image', 'png', filename='test.png')
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
    mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
    mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
    mime.set_payload(f.read())
    encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    msg.attach(mime)
# 发送图片
# 按照发送附件的方式，先把邮件作为附件添加进去，然后在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了
msg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>Hello</h1>' +
    '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' +
    '</body></html>', 'html', 'utf-8'))

二、接收邮件

收邮件使用POP3协议，使用poplib把原始文本下载到本地，然后用email解析原始文本。

import poplib
from email.parser import Parser
from email.header import decode_header
from email.utils import parseaddr

email = input('Email:')
password = input('Password:')
pop3_server = input('POP3 server:')
server = poplib.POP3(pop3_server)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
print(server.getwelcome().decode('utf-8'))
server.user(email)
server.pass_(password)
# 返回邮件数量和占用空间
print('Message:%s. Size:%s' % server.stat())
resp, mails, octets = server.list()
print(mails)
# 获取最新一封邮件，索引号从1开始
index = len(mails)
resp, lines, octets = server.retr(index)
msg_content = b'\r\n'.join(lines).decode('utf-8')
# 解析出邮件
msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
server.quit()

# 解析邮件
def print_info(msg, indent=0):
    if indent == 0:
        for header in ['From', 'To', 'Subject']:
            value = msg.get(header, '')
            if value:
                if header=='Subject':
                    value = decode_str(value)
                else:
                    hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)
                    name = decode_str(hdr)
                    value = u'%s <%s>' % (name, addr)
            print('%s%s: %s' % ('  ' * indent, header, value))
    if (msg.is_multipart()):
        parts = msg.get_payload()
        for n, part in enumerate(parts):
            print('%spart %s' % ('  ' * indent, n))
            print('%s--------------------' % ('  ' * indent))
            print_info(part, indent + 1)
    else:
        content_type = msg.get_content_type()
        if content_type=='text/plain' or content_type=='text/HTML':
            content = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
            charset = guess_charset(msg)
            if charset:
                content = content.decode(charset)
            print('%sText: %s' % ('  ' * indent, content + '...'))
        else:
            print('%sAttachment: %s' % ('  ' * indent, content_type))
            
def decode_str(s):
    value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
    if charset:
        value = value.decode(charset)
	return value

def guess_charset(msg):
    charset = msg.get_charset()
    if charset is None:
        content_type = msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
        pos = content_type.find('charset=')
        if pos >= 0:
            charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
    return charset