【Java】《OnJava8》笔记——第15章异常

《On Java 8》中文版，又名《Java编程思想》 第5版
接下来的都是个人学习过程的笔记，不是总结，没有参考价值，但是这本书很棒

Try-With-Resources 用法

这一章我只看了这一节= =

// exceptions/MessyExceptions.java
import java.io.*;
public class MessyExceptions {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream(
                    new File("MessyExceptions.java"));
            int contents = in.read();
            // Process contents
        } catch(IOException e) {
            // Handle the error
        } finally {
            if(in != null) {
                try {
                    in.close();
                } catch(IOException e) {
                    // Handle the close() error
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

如上所示，IO需要处理一大堆异常

// exceptions/StreamsAreAutoCloseable.java
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.util.stream.*;
public class StreamsAreAutoCloseable {
    public static void
    main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        try(
                Stream<String> in = Files.lines(
                        Paths.get("StreamsAreAutoCloseable.java"));
                PrintWriter outfile = new PrintWriter(
                        "Results.txt"); // [1]
        ) {
            in.skip(5)
                    .limit(1)
                    .map(String::toLowerCase)
                    .forEachOrdered(outfile::println);
        } // [2]
    }
}

括号内的部分称为资源规范头（resource specification header），资源规范头里的对象必须实现AutoCloseable

揭示细节

// exceptions/AutoCloseableDetails.java
class Reporter implements AutoCloseable {
    String name = getClass().getSimpleName();
    Reporter() {
        System.out.println("Creating " + name);
    }
    public void close() {
        System.out.println("Closing " + name);
    }
}
class First extends Reporter {}
class Second extends Reporter {}
public class AutoCloseableDetails {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(
                First f = new First();
                Second s = new Second()
        ) {
        }
    }
}

按创建顺序相反的顺序关闭

// exceptions/BodyException.java
class Third extends Reporter {}
public class BodyException {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(
                First f = new First();
                Second s2 = new Second()
        ) {
            System.out.println("In body");
            Third t = new Third();
            new SecondExcept();
            System.out.println("End of body");
        } catch(CE e) {
            System.out.println("Caught: " + e);
        }
    }
}

t对象永远不会被close掉，因为他没在资源头里创建

// exceptions/CloseExceptions.java
class CloseException extends Exception {}
class Reporter2 implements AutoCloseable {
    String name = getClass().getSimpleName();
    Reporter2() {
        System.out.println("Creating " + name);
    }
    public void close() throws CloseException {
        System.out.println("Closing " + name);
    }
}
class Closer extends Reporter2 {
    @Override
    public void close() throws CloseException {
        super.close();
        throw new CloseException();
    }
}
public class CloseExceptions {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try(
                First f = new First();
                Closer c = new Closer();
                Second s = new Second()
        ) {
            System.out.println("In body");
        } catch(CloseException e) {
            System.out.println("Caught: " + e);
        }
    }
}

注意，资源头里对象c创建的时候是不会抛出异常的，catch(CloseException e)捕获的是在其关闭时可能抛出的异常。

另外，子类重写方法抛出的异常必须小于父类方法所抛出的异常，或者不抛出异常。

1，子类重写父类方法要抛出与父类一致的异常，或者不抛出异常
2，子类重写父类方法所抛出的异常不能超过父类的范畴