Donatello的吐槽：我为什么要转这篇文章？是因为我在caffe的官网教程上看到提到了vision_layers.hpp，但是我自己找不到，去翻了很多帖子，找了很多github的仓库，怀疑是版本更新后废除了该文件，终于在这篇文章下面找到了确切的说法……
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/mounty_fsc/article/details/51085654
Caffe中，Blob，Layer，Net，Solver是最为核心的类，以下介绍这几个类，Solver将在下一节介绍。
1 Blob
1.1 简介
Blob是：
- 对待处理数据带一层封装，用于在Caffe中通信传递。
- 也为CPU和GPU间提供同步能力
- 数学上，是一个N维的C风格的存储数组
总的来说，Caffe使用Blob来交流数据，其是Caffe中标准的数组与统一的内存接口，它是多功能的，在不同的应用场景具有不同的含义，如可以是：batches of images, model parameters, and derivatives for optimization等。
1.2 源代码
<code class="language-c++ hljs cpp has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">/**
* @brief A wrapper around SyncedMemory holders serving as the basic
* computational unit through which Layer%s, Net%s, and Solver%s
* interact.
*
* TODO(dox): more thorough description.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <<span class="hljs-keyword">typename</span> Dtype>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Blob {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:
Blob()
: data_(), diff_(), count_(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>), capacity_(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {}
<span class="hljs-comment">/// @brief Deprecated; use <code>Blob(const vector<int>& shape)</code>. </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">explicit</span> Blob(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> num, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> channels, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> height,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> width);
<span class="hljs-keyword">explicit</span> Blob(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>></span>& shape);
.....
<span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span>:
<span class="hljs-built_in">shared_ptr</span><SyncedMemory> data_;
<span class="hljs-built_in">shared_ptr</span><SyncedMemory> diff_;
<span class="hljs-built_in">shared_ptr</span><SyncedMemory> shape_data_;
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>></span> shape_;
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> count_;
<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> capacity_;
DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Blob);
}; <span class="hljs-comment">// class Blob </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li></ul>
注：此处只保留了构造函数与成员变量。
说明：
- Blob在实现上是对SyncedMemory（见1.5部分）进行了一层封装。
- shape_为blob维度，见1.3部分
- data_为原始数据
- diff_为梯度信息
- count为该blob的总容量（即数据的size），函数count(x,y)（或count(x)）返回某个切片[x,y]（[x,end]）内容量，本质上就是shape[x]shape[x+1]….*shape[y]的值
1.3 Blob的shape
由源代码中可以注意到Blob有个成员变量：vector shape_
其作用：
- 对于图像数据，shape可以定义为4维的数组(Num, Channels, Height, Width)或(n, k, h, w)，所以Blob数据维度为n*k*h*w，Blob是row-major保存的，因此在(n, k, h, w)位置的值物理位置为((n * K + k) * H + h) * W + w。其中Number是数据的batch size，对于256张图片为一个training batch的ImageNet来说n = 256;Channel是特征维度，如RGB图像k = 3
- 对于全连接网络，使用2D blobs (shape (N, D))，然后调用InnerProductLayer
- 对于参数，维度根据该层的类型和配置来确定。对于有3个输入96个输出的卷积层，Filter核 11 x 11，则blob为96 x 3 x 11 x 11. 对于全连接层，1000个输出，1024个输入，则blob为1000 x 1024.
1.4 Blob的行优先的存储方式
以Blob中二维矩阵为例（如全连接网络shape (N, D)），如图所示。同样的存储方式可以推广到多维。
1.5 SyncedMemory
由1.2知，Blob本质是对SyncedMemory的再封装。其核心代码如下：
<code class="hljs r has-numbering">/**
* @brief Manages memory allocation and synchronization between the host (CPU)
* and device (GPU).
*
* TODO(dox): more thorough description.
*/
class SyncedMemory {
public:
<span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>
const void* cpu_data();
const void* gpu_data();
void* mutable_cpu_data();
void* mutable_gpu_data();
<span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>
private:
<span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>
void* cpu_ptr_;
void* gpu_ptr_;
<span class="hljs-keyword">...</span>
}; // class SyncedMemory </code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li></ul>
Blob同时保存了data_和diff_,其类型为SyncedMemory的指针。
对于data_(diff_相同),其实际值要么存储在CPU(cpu_ptr_)要么存储在GPU(gpu_ptr_),有两种方式访问CPU数据(GPU相同)：
- 常量方式,void* cpu_data()，其不改变cpu_ptr_指向存储区域的值。
-
可变方式，void* mutable_cpu_data()，其可改变cpu_ptr_指向存储区值。
以mutable_cpu_data()为例<code class="hljs cs has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span>* SyncedMemory::mutable_cpu_data() { to_cpu(); head_ = HEAD_AT_CPU; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> cpu_ptr_; } inline <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> SyncedMemory::to_cpu() { <span class="hljs-keyword">switch</span> (head_) { <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> UNINITIALIZED: CaffeMallocHost(&cpu_ptr_, size_, &cpu_malloc_use_cuda_); caffe_memset(size_, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, cpu_ptr_); head_ = HEAD_AT_CPU; own_cpu_data_ = <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> HEAD_AT_GPU: <span class="hljs-preprocessor">#ifndef CPU_ONLY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (cpu_ptr_ == NULL) { CaffeMallocHost(&cpu_ptr_, size_, &cpu_malloc_use_cuda_); own_cpu_data_ = <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>; } caffe_gpu_memcpy(size_, gpu_ptr_, cpu_ptr_); head_ = SYNCED; <span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span></span> NO_GPU; <span class="hljs-preprocessor">#<span class="hljs-keyword">endif</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> HEAD_AT_CPU: <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> SYNCED: <span class="hljs-keyword">break</span>; } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li></ul>
说明：
- 经验上来说，如果不需要改变其值，则使用常量调用的方式，并且，不要在你对象中保存其指针。为何要这样设计呢，因为这样涉及能够隐藏CPU到GPU的同步细节，以及减少数据传递从而提高效率，当你调用它们的时候，SyncedMem会决定何时去复制数据，通常情况是仅当gnu或cpu修改后有复制操作，引用1官方文档中有一个例子说明何时进行复制操作。
- 调用mutable_cpu_data()可以让head转移到cpu上
- 第一次调用mutable_cpu_data()是UNINITIALIZED将执行9到14行，将为cpu_ptr_分配host内存
- 若head从gpu转移到cpu，将把数据从gpu复制到cpu中
2 Layer
2.1 简介
Layer是Caffe的基础以及基本计算单元。Caffe十分强调网络的层次性，可以说，一个网络的大部分功能都是以Layer的形式去展开的，如convolute,pooling,loss等等。
在创建一个Caffe模型的时候，也是以Layer为基础进行的，需按照src/caffe/proto/caffe.proto中定义的网络及参数格式定义网络 prototxt文件（需了解google protocol buffer）
2.2 Layer与Blob的关系
如图，名为conv1的Layer 的输入是名为data的bottom blob，其输出是名为conv1的top blob。
其protobuff定义如下，一个layer有一个到多个的top和bottom，其对应于blob
<code class="hljs css has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag">layer</span> <span class="hljs-rules">{
<span class="hljs-rule"><span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>:<span class="hljs-value"> <span class="hljs-string">"conv1"</span>
type: <span class="hljs-string">"Convolution"</span>
bottom: <span class="hljs-string">"data"</span>
top: <span class="hljs-string">"conv1"</span>
....
</span></span></span>} </code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li></ul>
2.3 源代码
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-comment">/**
* Layer%s must implement a Forward function, in which they take their input
* (bottom) Blob%s (if any) and compute their output Blob%s (if any).
* They may also implement a Backward function, in which they compute the error
* gradients with respect to their input Blob%s, given the error gradients with
* their output Blob%s.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <<span class="hljs-keyword">typename</span> Dtype>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Layer {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* You should not implement your own constructor. Any set up code should go
* to SetUp(), where the dimensions of the bottom blobs are provided to the
* layer.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">explicit</span> Layer(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> LayerParameter& param)
: layer_param_(param), is_shared_(<span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>) {
...
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">virtual</span> ~Layer() {}
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* @brief Implements common layer setup functionality.
* @param bottom the preshaped input blobs
* @param top
* the allocated but unshaped output blobs, to be shaped by Reshape
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> SetUp(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top) {
...
}
...
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* @brief Given the bottom blobs, compute the top blobs and the loss.
* \return The total loss from the layer.
*
* The Forward wrapper calls the relevant device wrapper function
* (Forward_cpu or Forward_gpu) to compute the top blob values given the
* bottom blobs. If the layer has any non-zero loss_weights, the wrapper
* then computes and returns the loss.
*
* Your layer should implement Forward_cpu and (optionally) Forward_gpu.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">inline</span> Dtype Forward(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top);
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* @brief Given the top blob error gradients, compute the bottom blob error
* gradients.
*
* @param top
* the output blobs, whose diff fields store the gradient of the error
* with respect to themselves
* @param propagate_down
* a vector with equal length to bottom, with each index indicating
* whether to propagate the error gradients down to the bottom blob at
* the corresponding index
* @param bottom
* the input blobs, whose diff fields will store the gradient of the error
* with respect to themselves after Backward is run
*
* The Backward wrapper calls the relevant device wrapper function
* (Backward_cpu or Backward_gpu) to compute the bottom blob diffs given the
* top blob diffs.
*
* Your layer should implement Backward_cpu and (optionally) Backward_gpu.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">inline</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Backward(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>></span>& propagate_down,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom);
...
<span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span>:
<span class="hljs-comment">/** The protobuf that stores the layer parameters */</span>
LayerParameter layer_param_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/** The phase: TRAIN or TEST */</span>
Phase phase_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/** The vector that stores the learnable parameters as a set of blobs. */</span>
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-built_in">shared_ptr</span><Blob<Dtype></span> > > blobs_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/** Vector indicating whether to compute the diff of each param blob. */</span>
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>></span> param_propagate_down_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/** The vector that indicates whether each top blob has a non-zero weight in
* the objective function. */</span>
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Dtype></span> loss_;
<span class="hljs-keyword">virtual</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Forward_cpu(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">virtual</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Forward_gpu(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top) {
<span class="hljs-comment">// LOG(WARNING) << "Using CPU code as backup."; </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> Forward_cpu(bottom, top);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">virtual</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Backward_cpu(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>></span>& propagate_down,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom) = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">virtual</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Backward_gpu(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& top,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>></span>& propagate_down,
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& bottom) {
<span class="hljs-comment">// LOG(WARNING) << "Using CPU code as backup."; </span>
Backward_cpu(top, propagate_down, bottom);
}
...
}; <span class="hljs-comment">// class Layer </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li><li>60</li><li>61</li><li>62</li><li>63</li><li>64</li><li>65</li><li>66</li><li>67</li><li>68</li><li>69</li><li>70</li><li>71</li><li>72</li><li>73</li><li>74</li><li>75</li><li>76</li><li>77</li><li>78</li><li>79</li><li>80</li><li>81</li><li>82</li><li>83</li><li>84</li><li>85</li><li>86</li><li>87</li><li>88</li><li>89</li><li>90</li><li>91</li><li>92</li><li>93</li><li>94</li><li>95</li><li>96</li><li>97</li><li>98</li><li>99</li><li>100</li><li>101</li><li>102</li><li>103</li><li>104</li><li>105</li><li>106</li><li>107</li><li>108</li><li>109</li><li>110</li><li>111</li><li>112</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li><li>50</li><li>51</li><li>52</li><li>53</li><li>54</li><li>55</li><li>56</li><li>57</li><li>58</li><li>59</li><li>60</li><li>61</li><li>62</li><li>63</li><li>64</li><li>65</li><li>66</li><li>67</li><li>68</li><li>69</li><li>70</li><li>71</li><li>72</li><li>73</li><li>74</li><li>75</li><li>76</li><li>77</li><li>78</li><li>79</li><li>80</li><li>81</li><li>82</li><li>83</li><li>84</li><li>85</li><li>86</li><li>87</li><li>88</li><li>89</li><li>90</li><li>91</li><li>92</li><li>93</li><li>94</li><li>95</li><li>96</li><li>97</li><li>98</li><li>99</li><li>100</li><li>101</li><li>102</li><li>103</li><li>104</li><li>105</li><li>106</li><li>107</li><li>108</li><li>109</li><li>110</li><li>111</li><li>112</li></ul>
说明：每一层定义了三种操作
- Setup：Layer的初始化
- Forward：前向传导计算，根据bottom计算top，调用了Forward_cpu（必须实现）和Forward_gpu（可选，若未实现，则调用cpu的）
- Backward：反向传导计算，根据top计算bottom的梯度，其他同上
2.4 派生类分类
在Layer的派生类中，主要可以分为Vision Layers
- Vision Layers
Vison 层主要用于处理视觉图像相关的层，以图像作为输入，产生其他的图像。其主要特点是具有空间结构。
包含Convolution(conv_layer.hpp)、Pooling(pooling_layer.hpp)、Local Response Normalization(LRN)(lrn_layer.hpp)、im2col等，注：老版本的Caffe有头文件include/caffe/vision_layers.hpp，新版本中用include/caffe/layer/conv_layer.hpp等取代 - Loss Layers
这些层产生loss，如Softmax(SoftmaxWithLoss)、Sum-of-Squares / Euclidean(EuclideanLoss)、Hinge / Margin(HingeLoss)、Sigmoid Cross-Entropy(SigmoidCrossEntropyLoss)、Infogain(InfogainLoss)、Accuracy and Top-k等 - Activation / Neuron Layers
元素级别的运算，运算均为同址计算（in-place computation，返回值覆盖原值而占用新的内存）。如：ReLU / Rectified-Linear and Leaky-ReLU(ReLU)、Sigmoid(Sigmoid)、TanH / Hyperbolic Tangent(TanH)、Absolute Value(AbsVal)、Power(Power)、BNLL(BNLL)等 - Data Layers
网络的最底层，主要实现数据格式的转换，如：Database(Data)、In-Memory(MemoryData)、HDF5 Input(HDF5Data)、HDF5 Output(HDF5Output)、Images(ImageData)、Windows(WindowData)、Dummy(DummyData)等 - Common Layers
Caffe提供了单个层与多个层的连接。如：Inner Product(InnerProduct)、Splitting(Split)、Flattening(Flatten)、Reshape(Reshape)、Concatenation(Concat)、Slicing(Slice)、Elementwise(Eltwise)、Argmax(ArgMax)、Softmax(Softmax)、Mean-Variance Normalization(MVN)等
注，括号内为Layer Type,没有括号暂缺信息，详细咱见引用2
3 Net
3.1 简介
一个Net由多个Layer组成。一个典型的网络从data layer（从磁盘中载入数据）出发到loss layer结束。如图是一个简单的逻辑回归分类器。
如下定义：
<code class="hljs css has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag">name</span>: "<span class="hljs-tag">LogReg</span>"
<span class="hljs-tag">layer</span> <span class="hljs-rules">{
<span class="hljs-rule"><span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>:<span class="hljs-value"> <span class="hljs-string">"mnist"</span>
type: <span class="hljs-string">"Data"</span>
top: <span class="hljs-string">"data"</span>
top: <span class="hljs-string">"label"</span>
data_param {
source: <span class="hljs-string">"input_leveldb"</span>
batch_size: <span class="hljs-number">64</span>
</span></span></span>}
}
<span class="hljs-tag">layer</span> <span class="hljs-rules">{
<span class="hljs-rule"><span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>:<span class="hljs-value"> <span class="hljs-string">"ip"</span>
type: <span class="hljs-string">"InnerProduct"</span>
bottom: <span class="hljs-string">"data"</span>
top: <span class="hljs-string">"ip"</span>
inner_product_param {
num_output: <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
</span></span></span>}
}
<span class="hljs-tag">layer</span> <span class="hljs-rules">{
<span class="hljs-rule"><span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>:<span class="hljs-value"> <span class="hljs-string">"loss"</span>
type: <span class="hljs-string">"SoftmaxWithLoss"</span>
bottom: <span class="hljs-string">"ip"</span>
bottom: <span class="hljs-string">"label"</span>
top: <span class="hljs-string">"loss"</span>
</span></span></span>}</code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li></ul>
3.2 源代码
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering"><span class="hljs-comment">/**
* @brief Connects Layer%s together into a directed acyclic graph (DAG)
* specified by a NetParameter.
*
* TODO(dox): more thorough description.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <<span class="hljs-keyword">typename</span> Dtype>
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Net {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span>:
...
<span class="hljs-comment">/// @brief Initialize a network with a NetParameter.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Init(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> NetParameter& param);
...
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*>& Forward(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>* > & bottom,
Dtype* loss = NULL);
...
<span class="hljs-comment">/**
* The network backward should take no input and output, since it solely
* computes the gradient w.r.t the parameters, and the data has already been
* provided during the forward pass.
*/</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> Backward();
...
Dtype ForwardBackward(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>* > & bottom) {
Dtype loss;
Forward(bottom, &loss);
Backward();
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss;
}
...
<span class="hljs-keyword">protected</span>:
...
<span class="hljs-comment">/// @brief The network name</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/// @brief The phase: TRAIN or TEST</span>
Phase phase_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/// @brief Individual layers in the net</span>
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-built_in">shared_ptr</span><Layer<Dtype></span> > > layers_;
<span class="hljs-comment">/// @brief the blobs storing intermediate results between the layer.</span>
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-built_in">shared_ptr</span><Blob<Dtype></span> > > blobs_;
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*></span> > bottom_vecs_;
<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><<span class="hljs-stl_container"><span class="hljs-built_in">vector</span><Blob<Dtype></span>*></span> > top_vecs_;
...
<span class="hljs-comment">/// The root net that actually holds the shared layers in data parallelism</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Net* <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> root_net_;
};
} <span class="hljs-comment">// namespace caffe</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering"><li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li><li>4</li><li>5</li><li>6</li><li>7</li><li>8</li><li>9</li><li>10</li><li>11</li><li>12</li><li>13</li><li>14</li><li>15</li><li>16</li><li>17</li><li>18</li><li>19</li><li>20</li><li>21</li><li>22</li><li>23</li><li>24</li><li>25</li><li>26</li><li>27</li><li>28</li><li>29</li><li>30</li><li>31</li><li>32</li><li>33</li><li>34</li><li>35</li><li>36</li><li>37</li><li>38</li><li>39</li><li>40</li><li>41</li><li>42</li><li>43</li><li>44</li><li>45</li><li>46</li><li>47</li><li>48</li><li>49</li></ul>
说明：
- Init中，通过创建blob和layer搭建了整个网络框架，以及调用各层的SetUp函数。
- blobs_存放这每一层产生的blobls的中间结果，bottom_vecs_存放每一层的bottom blobs，top_vecs_存放每一层的top blobs
参考文献：
[1].http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/tutorial/net_layer_blob.html
[2].http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/tutorial/layers.html
[3].https://yufeigan.github.io
[4].https://www.zhihu.com/question/27982282
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