原文地址:linux expect自动登录ssh,ftp
作者:天那边的米高
expect是一种能够按照脚本内容里面设定的方式与交互式程序进行“会话”的程序。根据脚本内容,Expect可以知道程序会提示或反馈什么内容以及 什么是正确的应答。它是一种可以提供“分支和嵌套结构”来引导程序流程的解释型脚本语言。
shell功能很强大,但是不能实现有交互功能的多机器之前的操作,例如ssh和ftp.而expect可以帮助我们来实现.
一,安装expect
- yum
install expect
其实expect根bash形势上差不多的.
二,实例
1,ssh实现自动登录,并停在登录服务器上
- #!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] //接收第一个参数,并设置IP -
set password [lindex $argv 1 ] //接收第二个参数,并设置密码 -
set timeout 10 //设置超时时间 -
spawn ssh root@$ip //发送ssh请滶 -
expect { //返回信息匹配 -
"*yes/no" { send "yesr"; exp_continue} //第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续 -
"*password:" { send "$passwordr" } //出现密码提示,发送密码 -
} -
interact //交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面.
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./test.exp 192.168.1.130 admin - spawn
ssh root@192.168.1.130 - Last
login: Fri Sep 7 10:47:43 2012 from 192.168.1.142 - [root@linux
~]#
这个例子有统一的接口,根据IP和密码可以连接到不同的机器.如果你嫌输入IP和密码麻烦,看下面的例子
- #!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip 192.168.1.130 -
set password admin -
set timeout 10 -
spawn ssh root@$ip -
expect { -
"*yes/no" { send "yesr"; exp_continue} -
"*password:" { send "$passwordr" } -
} -
interact
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./web.exp - spawn
ssh root@192.168.1.130 - Last
login: Fri Sep 7 12:59:02 2012 from 192.168.1.142 - [root@linux
~]#
2,ssh远程登录到服务器,并且执行命令,执行完后并退出
- #!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip 192.168.1.130 -
set password admin -
set timeout 10 -
spawn ssh root@$ip -
expect { -
"*yes/no" { send "yesr"; exp_continue} -
"*password:" { send "$passwordr" } -
} -
expect "#*" -
send "pwdr" -
send "exitr" -
expect eof
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./test3.exp - spawn
ssh root@192.168.1.130 - root@192.168.1.130's
password: - Last
login: Fri Sep 7 14:05:07 2012 from 116.246.27.90 - [root@localhost
~]# pwd - /root
- [root@localhost
~]# exit - logout
- Connection
to 192.168.1.130 closed.
3,远程登录到ftp,并且下载文件
- #!/usr/bin/expect
-f -
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] -
set dir [lindex $argv 1 ] -
set file [lindex $argv 2 ] -
set timeout 10 -
spawn ftp $ip -
expect "Name*" -
send "zwhr" -
expect "Password:*" -
send "zwhr" -
expect "ftp>*" -
send "lcd $dirr" -
expect { -
"*file" { send_user "local $_dir No such file or directory";send "quitr" } -
"*now*" { send "get $dir/$file $dir/$filer"} -
} -
expect { -
"*Failed" { send_user "remote $file No such file";send "quitr" } -
"*OK" { send_user "$file has been downloadr";send "quitr"} -
} -
expect eof
运行结果如下:
- root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy#
./test2.exp 192.168.1.130 /var/www/www aaa.html - spawn
ftp 192.168.1.130 - Connected
to 192.168.1.130. - 220
(vsFTPd 2.0.5) - Name
(192.168.1.130:root): zwh - 331
Please specify the password. - Password:
- 230
Login successful. - Remote
system type is UNIX. - Using
binary mode to transfer files. - ftp>
lcd /var/www/www - Local
directory now /var/www/www - ftp>
get /var/www/www/aaa.html /var/www/www/aaa.html - local:
/var/www/www/aaa.html remote: /var/www/www/aaa.html - 200
PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. - 150
Opening BINARY mode data connection for /var/www/www/aaa.html (66 bytes). - 226
File send OK. - 66
bytes received in 0.00 secs (515.6 kB/s) - quit
aaa.html has been download - 221
Goodbye.