Django项目初始化

整个过程适合有MVC基础的程序员

创建一个项目：

django-admin.py startproject HelloWorld

 

 

运行一个项目：

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

 

 

修改django配置：

vim settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

 

 

测试是否成功：

10.1.8.34:8000

 

 

 

配置url:在目录HelloWorld/HelloWorld

vim urls.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import view

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^hello$', view.hello), ##浏览器访问hello时指向view.hello函数

]

 

 

 

编辑view：在目录HelloWorld/HelloWorld

vim view.py

from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):

    return HttpResponse("Hello world ! ")

 

 

 

测试是否成功：

10.1.8.34:8000/hello

 

 

 

创建blog网站和article网站：

manage.py startapp blog

manage.py startapp article

 

注册创建的网站：

vim settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'blog',

    'article',

]

 

每个网站单独管理自己的网址：

vim urls.py ##在HelloWorld/HelloWorld 目录下

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from django.conf.urls import url,include

from . import view

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^hello$', view.hello),

    path('blog/', include('blog.urls')),#包含blog网站的url路径

    path('article/', include('article.urls')),#包含article网站的url路径

]

 

blog网站下url管理：

vim urls.py ##blog目录下

from django.conf.urls import url

from blog import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello),

]

 

 

article网站下url管理：

vim urls.py ##article目录下

from django.conf.urls import url

from article import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello),

]

 

 

 

模板使用：以blog网站为例

mkdir template #在blog目录下建立template目录

vim hello.html#在template目录下创建

<h1>Hello template</h1>

vim  views.py #修改blog目录下文件

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.template import loader

 

def hello(request):

    t = loader.get_template('hello.html')

    d = {}

    return HttpResponse(t.render(d))

 

 

 

模板变量使用：以blog为例

vim  views.py #blog目录下

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.template import loader

def hello(request):

    t = loader.get_template('hello.html')

    d = {"name":"lidonghai","age":29,"sex":"mail"} ##变量放到dict中

    return HttpResponse(t.render(d))

vim hello.html #blog目录下的templates目录下

<h1>Hello blog template</h1>

name:{{name}},age:{{age}},sex:{{sex}}

 

 

 

 

模板标签使用+过虑器使用：以blog为例

vim hello.html #blog目录下的templates目录下

<h1>Hello blog template</h1>

name:{{name}},age:{{age}},sex:{{sex}}</br>

another one {{user.name}},{{user.age}},{{user.sex}}

{% if age > 19 %}

<li>成年</li>

{% else %}

<li>no成年</li>

{% endif %}

 

<!-- not 可以判断不存在、为空、为0   -->

{% if not user1 %}

<li>user1不存在</li>

{% endif %}

 

 

{% for i in book %}

<li>{{ i }}</li>

<li>模板过虑器：{{ i | upper | lower }}</li>

<li>forloop.counter:{{forloop.counter}}</li>

<li>forloop.counter0:{{forloop.counter0}}</li>

<li>forloop.revcounter:{{forloop.revcounter}}</li>

<li>forloop.revcounter0:{{forloop.revcounter0}}</li>

{% endfor %}

 

 

 

 

{% for i in book %}

{% if forloop.first %}

<li>第一本书</li>

{% endif %}

<li>{{i}}</li>

{% if forloop.last %}

<li>最后一本书</li>

{% endif %}

{% endfor %}

 

 

{% for i in book2 %}

<li>{{i}}</li>

{% empty %}

<li>nothing is here</li>

{% endfor %}

 

 

{% for key,value in frult.items %}

<li>{{key}}:{{value}}</li>

{% endfor %}

 

 

 

#模板过虑器自定义：以blog网站为例

mkdir templatetags  ##blog目录下新建目录

vim __init__.py  ## templatetags目录下新建文件，表示 templatetags是包

vim percent.py  ##templatetags目录下新建文件，这个就是过虑器名字

from django import template

register = template.Library()

def percent(value):

    return str(value) + "%"

register.filter(percent)

vim hello.html ##templates目录下使用过虑器

{% load percent %} ##使用前要加载

<li> age percent  is: {{ user.age | percent }}</li>

 

 

 

##GET、POST传参：以blog网站为例

GET：

vim views.py ##blog目录下增加以下代码

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def search(request):

    return render_to_response('search.html')

 

def search_submit(request):

    request.encoding='utf-8'

    if 'q' in request.GET:

        message = '你搜索的内容为: ' + request.GET['q']

    else:

        message = '你提交了空表单'

return HttpResponse(message)

vim urls.py ##blog目录下urls.py如下

from django.conf.urls import url

from blog import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello),

    url(r'^search/$', views.search),

    url(r'^search_submit/$', views.search_submit),

]

vim search.html ##blog目录下templates目录下编辑

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/blog/search_submit" method="get">

        <input type="text" name="q">

        <input type="submit" value="搜索">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

 

 

POST:

vim views.py ##blog目录下增加以下代码

def post_search(request):

    return render_to_response('post_search.html')

 

def post_search_submit(request):

    request.encoding='utf-8'

    if 'q' in request.POST:

        message = 'post你搜索的内容为: ' + request.POST['q']

    else:

        message = 'post你提交了空表单'

 

    return HttpResponse(message)

vim urls.py ##blog目录下urls.py如下

from django.conf.urls import url

from blog import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello),

    url(r'^search/$', views.search),

    url(r'^post_search/$', views.post_search),

    url(r'^search_submit$', views.search_submit),

    url(r'^post_search_submit$', views.post_search_submit),

]

vim post_search.html ##blog目录下templates目录下编辑

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/blog/post_search_submit" method="post">

        <input type="text" name="q">

        <input type="submit" value="搜索">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

vim settings.py  ##HelloWorld/HelloWord目录下修改，注释蓝色行。post可以用了，但是不太安全。

 

浏览器输入验证：http://10.1.8.34:8000/blog/post_search