Android四大组件之ContentProvider

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 15:19:21 发布

dongjize

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 15:19:21 发布

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分类专栏： Android学习文章标签： android 数据存储

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dongjize/article/details/47858681

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ContentProvider的作用
1) ContentProvider为存储和读取数据提供了统一的接口
2) 使用ContentProvider，应用程序可以实现数据共享
3) android内置的许多数据都是使用ContentProvider形式，供开发者调用的(如视频，音频，图片，通讯录等)

ContentProvider简介
当应用继承ContentProvider类，并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法，就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据，但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同，如：采用文件方式对外共享数据，需要进行文件操作读写数据；采用sharedpreferences共享数据，需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。

定义之前在Manifest中注册provider，并添加read和write权限；在application节点下声明权限。

AndroidManifest.xml

<provider android:name=".providers.PersonContentProvider"         android:authorities="com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider"
android:readPermission="aa.bb.cc.read"
android:writePermission="aa.bb.cc.write"/>

<uses-permission android:name="aa.bb.cc.read"/>
<uses-permission android:name="aa.bb.cc.write"/>

在提供数据的工程中定义一个ContentProvider类。当然，这个工程中还包含了SQLite的相关类，如SQLiteOpenHelper等，此处省略。
涉及相关类：

UriMatcher 类–主要用于匹配Uri。
使用步骤：
第一步，初始化；
UriMatcher matcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
第二步，注册需要的Uri；
matcher.addURI(“com.yfz.Lesson”, “people”, PEOPLE);
matcher.addURI(“com.yfz.Lesson”, “person/#”, PEOPLE_ID);
第三步，与已经注册的Uri进行匹配。

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://" + "com.yfz.Lesson" + "/people");  
int match = matcher.match(uri);  
       switch (match)  
       {  
           case PEOPLE:  
               return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/people";  
           case PEOPLE_ID:  
               return "vnd.android.cursor.item/people";  
           default:  
               return null;  
       }

常量 UriMatcher.NO_MATCH 表示不匹配任何路径的返回码；
# 号为通配符；
* 号为任意字符。

PersonContentProvider.java

public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

    private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider";
    private static final int PERSON_INSERT_CODE = 0; //操作person表添加操作的匹配码
    private static final int PERSON_DELETE_CODE = 1;
    private static final int PERSON_UPDATE_CODE = 2;
    private static final int PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE = 3;
    private static final int PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE = 4;
    private PersonSQLiteOpenHelper mOpenHelper; //person表的数据库帮助对象
    private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    static {
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        //添加一些uri（分机号）          //content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/insert
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/insert", PERSON_INSERT_CODE);
        //content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/delete
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/delete", PERSON_DELETE_CODE);
        //content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/update
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/update", PERSON_UPDATE_CODE);
        //content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/queryAll
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/queryAll", PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE);
        //content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/query/#
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/query/#", PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        mOpenHelper = new PersonSQLiteOpenHelper(getContext());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
        case PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE: //返回多条mime-type
            return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
        case PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE: //
            return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
        default:
            break;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        uriMatcher.match(uri);

        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

        case PERSON_INSERT_CODE: //添加人到person表中
            SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            if(db.isOpen()) {
                long id = db.insert("person", null, values);
                db.close();
                return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);
            }
            break;

        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配：" + uri);
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

        case PERSON_DELETE_CODE:
            SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            if(db.isOpen()) {
                int count = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);
                db.close();
                return count;
            }
            break;

        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配：" + uri);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs) {
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

        case PERSON_UPDATE_CODE:
            SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            if(db.isOpen()) {
                int count = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);
                db.close();
                return count;
            }
            break;

        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配：" + uri);
        }
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {

        case PERSON_QUERY_ALL_CODE:
            if(db.isOpen()) {
                Cursor cursor = db.query("person", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
                return cursor;
                // db.close();返回cursor结果集时，不可以关闭数据库
            }
            break;

        case PERSON_QUERY_ITEM_CODE:  //查询单条数据，uri末尾有一个id
            if(db.isOpen()) {
                long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                Cursor cursor = db.query("person", projection, "_id = ?", new String[]{id+""}, null, null, sortOrder);

                return cursor;
            }

        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("uri不匹配：" + uri);
        }
        return null;
    }

}

在访问数据的工程中新建一个类，用来访问ContentProvider。
用到的类：

ContentResolver–内容提供者访问对象，可对ContentProvider提供的数据进行增删改查。
ContentValues–数据值存储对象，通过Context.getContentResolver()获取。
ContentUris–用于获取Uri路径后面的ID部分：
1)为路径加上ID: withAppendedId(uri, id)
2)从路径中获取ID: parseId(uri)

TestCase.java

public class TestCase extends AndroidTestCase {

    private static final String TAG = "TestCase";

    public void testInsert() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/insert");

        //内容提供者访问对象
        ContentResolver resolver = getContext().getContentResolver();

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("name", "凤姐");
        values.put("age", 90);

        uri = resolver.insert(uri, values);
        long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);
        Log.i(TAG, "添加到："+id);
    }

    public void testDelete() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/delete");

        ContentResolver resolver = getContext().getContentResolver();

        String where = "_id = ?";
        String[] selectionArgs = {"21"};
        int count = resolver.delete(uri, where, selectionArgs);
        Log.i(TAG, "删除行："+count);
    }

    public void testUpdate() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/update");

        ContentResolver resolver = getContext().getContentResolver();

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("name", "lisi");

        int count = resolver.update(uri, values, "_id = ?", new String[]{"20"});
        Log.i(TAG, "更新行："+count);
    }

    public void testQueryAll() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/queryAll");

        ContentResolver resolver = getContext().getContentResolver();

        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"_id","name","age"}, null, null, "_id desc");

        if(cursor != null && cursor.getCount() > 0) {
            int id;
            String name;
            int age;
            while(cursor.moveToNext()) {
                id = cursor.getInt(0);
                name = cursor.getString(1);
                age = cursor.getInt(2);
                Log.i(TAG, "id:"+id+",name:"+name+",age:"+age);
            }
            cursor.close();
        }
    }

    public void testQuerySingleItem() {
        Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.sqlitedemo.providers.PersonContentProvider/person/query/#");

        //在uri的末尾添加一个id
        uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, 20);

        ContentResolver resolver = getContext().getContentResolver();

        Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"_id","name","age"}, null, null, null);
        if(cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int id = cursor.getInt(0);
            String name = cursor.getString(1);
            int age = cursor.getInt(2);
            cursor.close();
            Log.i(TAG, "id:"+id+",name:"+name+",age:"+age);
        }
    }

}